“…Among model-based dependability analysis, hierarchically performed hazard origin and propagation studies (HiP-HOPS) method which is based on a number of well-established techniques such as function failure analysis (FFA), hierarchical model (HM), interface-based FMEA (IF-FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) are some of the approaches for safety analysis of large-scale systems (Papadopoulos and McDermid, 1999; Papadopoulos et al , 2011; Kabir et al , 2018; Bozzano and Papadopoulos, 2017; Mian et al , 2012; Papadopoulos, 2000; Papadopoulos et al , 2016; Aizpurua et al , 2018; Mian et al , 2019a, 2019b; Mian et al , 2019b; Kabir et al , 2019; Kabir et al , 2020). Although HiP-HOPS is widely used for system analysis, it has some limitations.…”