Explicit vs. implicit emotional processing: The interaction between processing type and executive control

Cohen, Noga; Moyal, Natali; Lichtenstein-Vidne, Limor; Henik, Avishai

doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.1000830

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…No main effect of valence was observed in the current experiments, which is in contrast to many of the published results [26,38,44,50,62,68]. This sheds even more light on the role of arousal, as some recent studies already reported the lack of pure valence effects in the procedures requiring cognitive control, especially when arousal is orthogonally crossed with valence [56,60,61,63,64].…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In regards to the congruence between colours of flankers and the target word, we found that incongruent trials elicited longer responses in both of the procedures. This effect has the same shape as differences in reaction times between congruent and incongruent trials in the Stroop task [1,11,12,14,47,61] and flanker task [1,40,47,48,[62][63][64]. Observation of this effect confirms that the tasks employed for both of the experiments described in this study engaged cognitive control in a similar way, like the tasks that were the inspiration for developing these flanker-modified EST procedures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Valence and arousal of words in visual and conceptual interference control efficiency

et al. 2020

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Cognitive control efficiency is susceptible to the emotional state of an individual. The aim of the current experiment was to search for the role of valence and arousal of emotion-laden words in a performance efficiency of a modified emotional Stroop task (EST) combined with the flanker task. Both paradigms allow for the measurement of the interference control, but interference appears on different stages of stimulus processing. In the flanker task, the interference is perceptual, while in EST, it is based on the emotional meaning of stimuli. We expected to find the effects of emotionality of words, that is, arousal and valence levels, for interference measured with EST. In a series of two experiments, the results confirmed that a high arousal level enlarges the reaction latencies to the EST. We also identified interaction between valence and arousal in shaping reaction latencies. We found the flanker congruency effect. We did not find interactions between emotional factors and flanker congruency. This suggests that interference measured with the EST and flanker task are in fact different from one another, and while using the modified EST combined with the flanker task, the word-meaning effects do not interfere with pure perceptual interferences.

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Valence and arousal of words in visual and conceptual interference control efficiency

et al. 2020

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“…It is thus possible that the intensity of emotion in our stimuli was too low to produce a pronounced valence modulation because we specifically controlled low-level visual properties across all face stimuli. Notably, research has shown differences between explicit and implicit emotional processing (57–59), and weaker emotional modulation when the executive control is involved (60). Therefore, it is also possible that our explicit task requirement for emotion identification and valence and arousal rating automatically engaged the executive network, which greatly interrupted normal emotional face processing, resulting in weak emotional effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal Effects on Pupil Size, Heart Rate, and Skin Conductance in an Emotional Face Task

et al. 2018

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Arousal level changes constantly and it has a profound influence on performance during everyday activities. Fluctuations in arousal are regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which is mainly controlled by the balanced activity of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, commonly indexed by heart rate (HR) and galvanic skin response (GSR), respectively. Although a growing number of studies have used pupil size to indicate the level of arousal, research that directly examines the relationship between pupil size and HR or GSR is limited. The goal of this study was to understand how pupil size is modulated by autonomic arousal. Human participants fixated various emotional face stimuli, of which low-level visual properties were carefully controlled, while their pupil size, HR, GSR, and eye position were recorded simultaneously. We hypothesized that a positive correlation between pupil size and HR or GSR would be observed both before and after face presentation. Trial-by-trial positive correlations between pupil diameter and HR and GSR were found before face presentation, with larger pupil diameter observed on trials with higher HR or GSR. However, task-evoked pupil responses after face presentation only correlated with HR. Overall, these results demonstrated a trial-by-trial relationship between pupil size and HR or GSR, suggesting that pupil size can be used as an index for arousal level involuntarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

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“…Implicit processing of emotional features occurs following presentation of face stimuli, even under conditions in which the emotional content is not task-relevant (e.g. Cohen et al, 2016). Thus, emotion decoding deficits may detract from processing capacity in non-affective (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Face Processing among Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders: Investigating Sex Differences and Relationships with Interpersonal Functioning

Lewis

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Garcia

et al. 2019

Alcohol and Alcoholism

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Background Individuals in treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) display deficits across a broad range of cognitive processes. Disruptions in affective processing are understudied, but may be particularly important for interpersonal functioning and post-treatment adaptation. In particular, the role of sex in AUD-associated emotion processing deficits remains largely unaddressed and was a focus of the current investigation. Methods Fifty-six treatment seekers with AUD and 54 healthy community controls (N = 110) were administered an emotional face discrimination task. Non-affective tasks included a sex-discrimination task and two brief measures of executive functioning. Two measures of interpersonal function were included. Results Emotion processing deficits were evident among women with AUD relative to other groups. This sex-contingent relationship was not observed in measures of executive function, sex-discrimination or interpersonal problems, although individuals with AUD performed more poorly on these measures. Conclusions Results were consistent with extant literatures examining cognitive, affective and interpersonal functioning among individuals with AUD, and provided novel evidence of vulnerability to alcohol-associated deficits in emotion processing among women. While similar sex-contingent effects were not apparent among other measures, results support modest interrelationships, specifically including the import of emotion processing to interpersonal functioning in AUD. These data offer guidance for further systematic investigation and highlight important considerations for future relapse-prevention and recovery-facilitation efforts.

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Explicit vs. implicit emotional processing: The interaction between processing type and executive control

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Valence and arousal of words in visual and conceptual interference control efficiency

Valence and arousal of words in visual and conceptual interference control efficiency

Arousal Effects on Pupil Size, Heart Rate, and Skin Conductance in an Emotional Face Task

Emotional Face Processing among Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders: Investigating Sex Differences and Relationships with Interpersonal Functioning

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