Exploitation et traits de menaces des grenouilles d’un intérêt socio-économique dans la province du Ganzourgou au Burkina Faso, Afrique de l’Ouest

Abstract

Les grenouilles font partie des ressources halieutiques dont l’exploitation n’est ni règlementée ni encadrée. Ce vide technique et juridique expose ces grenouilles à une exploitation anarchique pouvant conduire à leur extinction. Notre étude avait pour but d’identifier les grenouilles d’intérêt socio-économique, leur mode d’exploitation et les facteurs de menace dans la province du Ganzourgou. Des enquêtes ont été menées auprès des acteurs exploitant cette ressource. Quelques sites d’exploitation et de commercialisation des produits ont aussi été visités. Deux espèces de grenouilles sont rencontrées et exploitées artisanalement en contre-saison. Les grenouilles récoltées sont valorisées dans l’alimentation humaine, en pharmacopée et dans les rites culturels. Les facteurs de menaces identifiés et qui pèsent sur cette population sauvage de grenouilles est l’utilisation des substances agrochimiques et chimiques en production agricole et minière. D’autres facteurs tels que la pénurie d’eau, la modification ou la perte de leurs habitats sont cités. Toutefois, la menace la plus importante décelée serait le vide juridique qui ne permet pas de réguler ni d’encadrer l’exploitation de cette ressource naturelle. Les grenouilles sont sous la menace des facteurs climato-anthropiques, d’où la nécessité d’entrevoir dès à présent les stratégies de leur conservation, voire de leur domestication en vue d’une production durable et maîtrisée.
 English title: Exploitation and threat traits of frogs of socio-economic interest in the province of Ganzourgou in Burkina Faso, West Africa
 Frogs are part of fishery resources that are either regulated or controlled. This technical and regulatory void exposed these frogs to an anarchic exploitation which may lead to their extinction. Our study aimed to identify frogs of socio-economic interest, their mode of exploitation and the threat factors in the province of Ganzourgou. Surveys were carried out among frog stakeholders. Some sites for operating and marketing products were also visited. Two species of frogs are encountered and traditionally exploited in the off-season. The harvest frogs are valued in human food, in pharmacopoeia and in cultural rites. The identified threat factors that hangs on this wild population of frogs is the significant use of agrochemicals and chemicals in agricultural and mining production. Others factors such as water scarcity and the modification or loss of their habitats are cited. However, the most important threat detected would be the legal vacuum which does not allow to regulated or supervise the exploitation of this natural resource. Frogs are under threat from climatic and anthropogenic factors, hence the need to foresee now the strategies of their conservation or even their domestication with a view to a sustainable and controlled production.

Gears and Modes of Exploitation of Edible Frogs in the Peri-Urban Localities of Man, Côte d'Ivoire

“…Our results are higher than the data (20%) reported by Keita et al [8]. This attraction for frogs' legs was also mentioned confirmed in the work of Hardouin [9] who stated that in Europe, frogs are mainly consumed as imported Asian legs, thus constituting a soughtafter dish. The diversity of preferences in the forms of frog meat consumption (fresh, smoked) reflects the diversity of perceptions that the population has of this animal that is both prized and feared.…”

“…In Cambodia, Neang [6] also reported the use of wooden traps and harpoon guns, a kind of traditional gun used by hunters to capture frogs. Similarly in Burkina Faso in the province of Ganzourgou, gear such as nets (39.45%) and traps (22.40%) are used as means of catching frogs [9].…”

Effect of artificial food on the survival and growth tadpoles of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Günther 1858) in pond-raised

“…Frogs are eaten by various populations in sub-Saharan Africa, where they constitute a very important food resource (Onadeko et al, 2011). This consumption mainly concerns Hoplobatrachus occipitalis captured in the wild (Godomé et al, 2018;Coulibaly and Zigui, 2021.). The trade of this frog is very flourishing in many west African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria), where specimens are sold fresh, dried or fried (Mareike et al, 2011).…”