Exploitation of arctic sea ice by epibenthic copepods

Grainger, E. H.

doi:10.3354/meps077119

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These conclusions reinforce the fact that most stages of sympagic meiofauna utilize the sea ice as a nursery and feeding environment (Grainger 1991;Bluhm et al 2017Bluhm et al , 2018, irrespective of the additional habitats they are found in. Sympagic meiofauna species are often found in higher concentrations within the ice than in the pelagic or benthic zones (Carey and Montagna 1982;Grainger 1991;Bluhm et al 2017), meaning that losing ice cover could have a disproportionate impact even if the same taxa are found in other habitats. Losses and reductions of sea ice meiofauna have already been reported due to changes in ice dynamics (Melnikov et al 2001;Kiko et al 2017;Leasi et al 2021).…”

Section: Habitat Occurrence and Portion Of Life Cycle Spent Within Se...supporting

confidence: 77%

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First trait-based characterization of Arctic ice meiofauna taxa

et al. 2022

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Trait-based approaches connect the traits of species to ecosystem functions to estimate the functional diversity of communities and how they may respond to environmental change. For the first time, we compiled a traits matrix across 11 traits for 28 species of Arctic ice meiofauna, including Copepoda (Subclass), Nematoda (Phylum), Acoela (Order), Rotifera (Phylum), and Cnidaria (Phylum). Over 50 years of pan-Arctic literature were manually reviewed, and trait categories were assigned to enable future trait–function connections within the threatened ice-associated ecosystem. Approximately two-thirds of the traits data were found at the genus or species level, ranging from 44% for Nematoda to 100% for Cnidaria. Ice meiofauna were shown to possess advantageous adaptations to the brine channel network within sea ice, including a majority with small body widths < 200 μm, high body flexibility, and high temperature and salinity tolerance. Diets were found to be diverse outside of the algal bloom season, with most organisms transitioning to ciliate-, omnivore-, or detritus-based diets. Eight species of the studied taxa have only been recorded within sea ice, while the rest are found in a mixture of sympagic–pelagic–benthic habitats. Twelve of the ice meiofauna species have been found with all life stages present in sea ice. Body width, temperature tolerance, and salinity tolerance were identified as traits with the largest research gaps and suffered from low-resolution taxonomic data. Overall, the compiled data show the degree to which ice meiofauna are adapted to spending all or portions of their lives within the ice.

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Section: Habitat Occurrence and Portion Of Life Cycle Spent Within Se...supporting

confidence: 77%

“…Harpacticoida are mainly found in both sympagic and benthic habitats, while most Cyclopoida are found in sympagic-pelagic habitats (Fig. 2g) (Grainger et al 1985;Horner and Murphy 1985;Mohammed and Neuhof 1985;Grainger 1991;Carey 1992;Schünemann and Werner 2005). Most Nematoda are either only sympagic or sympagic-benthic (Fig.…”

Section: Habitat Occurrencementioning

confidence: 98%

First trait-based characterization of Arctic ice meiofauna taxa

et al. 2022

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“…In our study we assumed that the sea-ice meiofauna exploited only bottom-ice algae as a food source (Grainger et al 1985, Grainger & Hsiao 1990, Grainger 1991. Turbellarians have been described as omnivores (McIntyre 1969), and have been shown to feed on ice algae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance, biomass, composition and grazing impact of the sea-ice meiofauna in the North Water, northern Baffin Bay

Nozais¹,

Gosselin²,

Michel³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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INTRODUCTIONIn the Northern Hemisphere, sea-ice extent varies from a minimum of 7.0 × 10 6 km 2 in September to a maximum of 15.4 × 10 6 km 2 in March (Parkinson et al. 1999). Sea ice is recognized as playing a significant role in the biology and ecology of polar marine systems, supporting a productive community of microalgae as well as a diversity of heterotrophs ranging from bacteria to metazoa (Carey & Montagna 1982, Carey 1985, Laurion et al. 1995, Gradinger & Zhang 1997. Most of the studies on the sea-ice biota in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas have been restricted to the coastal fast-ice, probably because of easier access compared to pack ice. With the recent development of highly sophisticated supports, investigations on ice floes have become feasible. Recently, studies of autotrophic and heterotrophic components of sea ice have been carried out on packice systems in the Barents, Laptev, and Greenland Seas and in the central Arctic Ocean (Gradinger et al. 1992, 1999, Friedrich 1997, Melnikov 1997, Gradinger 1999 ABSTRACT: The abundance, biomass, composition and grazing impact of the bottom sea-ice meiofauna were investigated in the North Water, High Arctic, during April and May 1998. Sampling was conducted on both pack ice and land fast-ice. At the lowermost 2 to 4 cm of the sea ice, chlorophyll a reached a maximum concentration of 55.7 mg m -2. Sea-ice meiofauna were observed only at the ice bottom, and were composed of nematodes, copepods (harpacticoids and cyclopoids), crustacean nauplii, polychaete larvae and turbellarians. Total abundance of sea-ice meiofauna ranged from 0 to 34 500 ind. m -2 at the sampling stations. Nematodes were the most abundant taxon in the ice, with highest densities at a land fast-ice station. Highest abundances of copepods as well as crustacean nauplii were observed in the pack ice. The total sea-ice meiofauna biomass varied between 0 and 19.4 mg C m -2 . Potential ingestion rates, determined using allometric equations, indicated that seaice meiofauna never consumed more than 0.9% of the ice-algae standing stock and 5.7% of the daily ice-algae production. These calculations strongly suggest that the grazing impact of sea-ice meiofauna on ice algae was negligible in the North Water in early spring. The low standing stock of ice meiofauna also precludes their potential as an important food source for higher trophic levels. Meiofauna, therefore, appear to be a minor contributor to the overall carbon flow in the sea-ice biota of the North Water during spring. KEY WORDS: Arctic polynya · Sea ice · Algae · Meiofauna · Grazing impactResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…For instance, the sea-ice meiofauna is believed to exploit this food source as well (Grainger et al 1985, Grainger & Hsiao 1990, Grainger 1991. Additionally, several pelagic species depend on released ice algae as early food in spring (Conover et al 1986, Runge & Ingram 1988.…”

Section: Grazing Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing of Arctic under-ice amphipods on sea-ice algae

Werner¹

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Feeding of the Arctic under-ice amphipods Apherusa glacialis. Onisimus spp. and Gammarus willutzkii on sea-ice algae was investigated in laboratory experiments. The specific ingestion rates of algal biornass declined with increasing size of the species ( A . glacialis, 51; Onisimus spp., 11; G , wilkjtzkli, 2 n g chl a equival. mg-' dry mass d-l). Juveniles of Onisimus spp. and G. wilkitzkii had specific rates that were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the respective adults. Calculations of the carbon budget and observations of amphipods behaviour indicate that A. glacialis is predominantely herbivorous, whereas Onjsimus spp, are herbivorous/detritivorous, and G. wilkitzkii is herbivorous/detritivorous/carnivorous. The grazing impact on the ice-algal standing stock at the ice underside in summer, estimated for 2 different areas in the Arctic, was low (1.1 % d-' in the Laptev Sea, 2.6% d-' in the Greenland Sea), indicating that food is not a limiting factor in this habitat.

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Exploitation of arctic sea ice by epibenthic copepods

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

First trait-based characterization of Arctic ice meiofauna taxa

First trait-based characterization of Arctic ice meiofauna taxa

Abundance, biomass, composition and grazing impact of the sea-ice meiofauna in the North Water, northern Baffin Bay

Grazing of Arctic under-ice amphipods on sea-ice algae

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