Exploitation of distant marginal ice zones by king penguins during winter

Bost, Charles‐André; Charrassin, J. B.; Clerquin, Yannick; Ropert‐Coudert, Yan; Maho, Yvon Le

doi:10.3354/meps283293

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the greater tendency of instrument carriers to make trips in excess of 40 h raises the possibility that birds encumbered by satellite trackers may need to carry out long trips more frequently to maintain body condition than do birds not carrying instruments. This corresponds with the findings of Watanuki et al (1992), Hull (1997) and Bost et al (2004), who observed that instrument effects were most pronounced at times of year when foraging penguins are most energetically stressed.…”

Section: Instrument Effectssupporting

confidence: 53%

Environmental conditions and life history constraints determine foraging range in breeding Adélie penguins

Clarke¹,

Emmerson²,

Otáhal³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Foraging movements of Adélie penguins are constrained both by environmental conditions (e.g. sea ice cover) and life history factors (e.g. regular offspring provisioning). We describe within season changes in foraging range, trip duration and body condition of Adélie penguins nesting at Béchervaise Island, East Antarctica, in the context of these constraints. Penguins were satellite tracked over multiple seasons during the incubation, guard, crèche and pre-moult phases of their annual cycle. They ranged farthest during incubation when sea ice was extensive and shortest during the guard stage when chicks were small and sea ice limited in extent. Prior to their annual moult the birds foraged hundreds of kilometres to the west and east of their breeding sites. A recurrent polynya facilitated access to the sea early in the season when ice cover was extensive. Kernel analyses showed that penguins foraged most intensively close to the colony, along submarine canyons and at the continental shelf break. Increases in foraging range, as the chick rearing period progressed, were consistent with changing energy requirements of adults and chicks and likely intraspecific competition. Whilst provisioning their offspring, penguins adopted a variable combination of time minimising and food maximising foraging behaviour in which choice of foraging rule was determined largely by adult body condition.

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Section: Instrument Effectssupporting

confidence: 53%

Environmental conditions and life history constraints determine foraging range in breeding Adélie penguins

Clarke¹,

Emmerson²,

Otáhal³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…For long-term experiments on adult penguins, in which the tags were not recovered, there is little speculation or conclusions about the reasons for tag transmission loss. However, data show that losses are high for king penguins, A. patagonicus, traveling in pack ice during the winter [8,9]. Most other experiments have focused on juvenile emperor penguins immediately after fledging, with the hope of tracking them as long as possible through their first year of independence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do satellite transmitters on emperor penguins stop transmitting?

2015

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Background: Investigation of early transmission failure from animal-borne, satellite transmitters should reveal vital information about the reliability of the technology, and the risk of application to the animal. Current technology available to the investigator does not provide firm evidence for causes of transmitter blackout. Findings: We address the five most likely causes of satellite transmitter failure on 20 adult (10 male and 10 female) emperor penguins tagged near Cape Colbeck, Antarctica, and one near the Drygalski Ice Tongue, Western Ross Sea, during late summer, 2013. They are: 1. Technical failure of the transmitter, 2. Instrument breakage, 3. Instrument loss because of attachment failure, 4. Predation, and 5. Icing of the salt water detection switch. The longest record of 323 days suggests that prior losses were not due to power failure. Conclusions:Various possibilities of transmission blackout are discussed, and we speculate about the most likely causes of termination of transmissions. A loss of transmission from six tags at similar locations early in the deployments suggests predation. Later losses at random times and locations may be because of antenna breakage or attachment failure. Definite conclusions cannot be made because of the indirect assessment of transmission loss. We suggest some changes in deployment procedures to improve our ability to determine cause of satellite transmission termination in the future. Understanding causes of blackout is important both scientifically and ethically in terms of accurate data interpretation and balancing the benefits of scientific gain with the costs of animal disturbance.

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“…Studies examining foraging ecology during the non-breeding periods are less common, despite recognition that foraging grounds during the non-breeding period may contain high densities of competitors (e.g., Karnovsky et al 2007). The miniaturization of animal-borne loggers has significantly improved the ability to track the long-distance movements of seabirds during the non-breeding season (e.g., Kooyman et al 2000, Clarke et al 2003, Bost et al 2004, Shaffer et al 2006, Quillfeldt et al 2012). In addition, advances in the use of stable isotope analysis (SIA), which is based on the principle that animals ''are what and where they eat'' Bearhop 2008, Bond andJones 2009), now provide the ability to estimate foraging niches from tissues grown during the nonbreeding period when individuals are away from land (e.g., Polito et al 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and isotopic niche partitioning during winter in chinstrap and Adélie penguins from the South Shetland Islands

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Closely related species with similar ecological requirements should exhibit segregation along spatial, temporal, or trophic niche axes to limit the degree of competitive overlap. For migratory marine organisms like seabirds, assessing such overlap during the non-breeding period is difficult because of longdistance dispersal to potentially diffuse foraging habitats. Miniaturization of geolocation devices and advances in stable isotope analysis (SIA), however, provide a robust toolset to quantitatively track the movements and foraging niches of wide ranging marine animals throughout much of their annual cycle. We used light-based geolocation tags and analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from tail feathers to simultaneously characterize winter movements, habitat utilization, and overlap of spatial and isotopic niches of migratory chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and Adélie (P. adeliae) penguins during the austral winter of 2012. Chinstrap penguins exhibited a higher diversity of movements and occupied portions of the Southern Ocean from 1388 W to 308 W within a narrow latitudinal band centered on 608 S. In contrast, all tracked Adélie penguins exhibited smaller-scale movements into the Weddell Sea and then generally along a counter-clockwise path as winter advanced. Inter-specific overlap during the non-breeding season was low except during the months immediately adjacent to the summer breeding season. Intra-specific overlap by chinstraps from adjacent breeding colonies was higher throughout the winter. Spatial segregation appears to be the primary mechanism to maintain inter-and intra-specific niche separation during the nonbreeding season for chinstrap and Adélie penguins. Despite low spatial overlap, however, the data do suggest that a narrow pelagic corridor in the southern Scotia Sea hosted both chinstrap and Adélie penguins for most months of the year. Shared occupancy and similar isotopic signatures of the penguins in that region suggests that the potential for inter-specific competition persists during the winter months. Finally, we note that SIA was able to discriminate eastward versus westward migrations in penguins, suggesting that SIA of tail feathers may provide useful information on population-level distribution patterns for future studies.

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Exploitation of distant marginal ice zones by king penguins during winter

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Environmental conditions and life history constraints determine foraging range in breeding Adélie penguins

Environmental conditions and life history constraints determine foraging range in breeding Adélie penguins

Why do satellite transmitters on emperor penguins stop transmitting?

Spatial and isotopic niche partitioning during winter in chinstrap and Adélie penguins from the South Shetland Islands

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