Exploitation of microRNAs by Japanese Encephalitis virus in human microglial cells

Abstract

JEV infection in CNS leads to the JE neuroinflammation. Children and old age individual have been reported to be more prone to JEV infection. MicroRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs, which regulate the gene expression. These are ∼22 nucleotide long, conserved RNA sequence that binds at the 3'UTR of a target mRNA and regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression. The role of microRNAs has been reported in several diseases like cancer, viral infection, neuro-degeneration, diabetes etc. In the present study, the human microglial cells were infected with JEV (JaOArS982). The control and infected samples were subject to microarray profiling for microRNA expression. The microarray profile yielded differentially expressed microRNAs from JEV infected samples. The microRNA gene targets, gene ontology, annotations, and pathways were identified through various bioinformatics tools. Additionally, the pathways were mostly found common to "ubiquitin mediated proteolysis," "cytokine signaling," "maintenance of barrier function/cell junctions," JAK/STAT pathway" "Toll-like receptor signaling," "Wnt-signaling," "adhesion molecules," "apoptosis," "endocytosis," "vesicle mediated transport" etc.

Chikungunya virus modulates the miRNA expression patterns in human synovial fibroblasts

“…The target predictions of miRNAs were performed as described earlier . The binding pattern between the target genes and their corresponding miRNAs must follow the Watson‐Crick base‐pairing principle.…”

“…The target predictions of miRNAs were performed as described earlier. 24 The binding pattern between the target genes and their corresponding miRNAs must follow the Watson-Crick base-pairing principle. The high false-positive rates of target predictions are the major limitations associated with most of the prediction software.…”

Dengue NS5 modulates expression of miR‐590 to regulate ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 42 in human microglia

“…Human microglia, astrocytes, and brain endothelial cells are well‐documented to respond via altered cellular microRNA profile when challenged with viral proteins like HIV‐1 Tat . Another prevalent Flavivirus , Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is known to perturb microglial microRNA profiles upon infection . However, contribution of microRNAs in DENV‐induced neuroinflammation is poorly understood.…”

“…19,20 Another prevalent Flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is known to perturb microglial microRNA profiles upon infection. [21][22][23] However, contribution of microRNAs in DENV-induced neuroinflammation is poorly understood. Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) regulates protein turnover in cells.…”

Long Non-coding RNA NONSUST006715.1 Suppresses Japanese Encephalitis Virus Proliferation in PK-15 Cells

“…Several studies have found that microglia can also serve as long-term JEV containers [16]. Although many studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which micro RNAs (miRNAs) regulate JEV replication and proliferation [17][18][19][20], the molecular mechanism of the effect of lncRNA on JEV proliferation remains to be explored. Recent studies have shown that lncRNA Malat1 was signi cantly upregulated in JEV-infected mouse Neuro2a cells via the PERK endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway [21], and that silencing lncRNA E52329 and N54010 can regulate the in ammatory response in JEV-infected mouse microglia cells by reducing the phosphorylation levels of JNK and MKK4 [22].…”