Exploitation of the Fiber Capacity in Optically Amplified Transmission Systems

Performance evaluation of a multi-wavelength gigahertz optical source for wavelength division multiplexed transmission

“…Simulations are done for a random bit sequence consisting of 128-bits. The amplifier noise with a chosen noise figure of 6 dB is modeled as a white noise created by a gaussian random number generator and added to the optical field at the output of each amplifier [5,19,20].…”

Noise evolution along optically amplified links in presence of nonlinear parametric gain

“…The nonlinear effect on the noise field is treated by adding a probe to the signal, in the form of small perturbation (10) By substituting (10) in (8) and linearizing on we get (11) where the real part of is the component of in phase with the signal. Then we obtain for the Fourier transform of the real and imaginary part of (12) where the subscript indicates the real part and the imaginary, and is the difference between noise and signal frequency. An analytical solution can be found in matrix form [7] using the approximation of constant signal power along the fiber of length (equal to its path-averaged value (13) The power spectrum matrix of is the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions between the real and imaginary part of , i.e.…”

“…Longand short-haul links are chosen as examples to validate the proposed noise model. Signal to noise ratio and overall noise figure are calculated rather than bit error rate, because of the nonwhite noise coming from PG (no simple formulas) and also because a more complicated description taking into account the bit pattern and self-phase modulation is needed [12].…”

“…In particular, link performances are affected by four-wave mixing (FWM), modulation instability (MI), and parametric gain (PG). Their impact on amplifier noise has been studied theoretically [6]- [9] and experimentally [10]- [11] with reference to return-to-zero (RZ) and nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) systems [12].…”

Hamiltonian formulation for dispersion-managed WDM soliton communication systems

“…We consider L q L s L s 50 km and D s 0.1 1 2 a Ž . psr km и nm everywhere and L and dispersion coefficients D and D , respectively, 2 1 2 Ž with L q L s L i.e., the map period equals the amplifier 1 2 a…”