Exploitation of the Leishmania exosomal pathway by Leishmania RNA virus 1

Atayde, Vanessa D.; Filho, Alonso da Silva Lira; Chaparro, Visnú; Zimmermann, Aude; Martel, Caroline; Jaramillo, Maritza; Olivier, Martin

doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0352-y

Cited by 91 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…LRV1 exploits the Leishmania exosomal pathway to promote its propagation and infectivity, leading to development of severe leishmaniasis. In future, the use of Leishmania exosomes containing the virus could pave the way to new vaccines against leishmaniasis (Atayde et al, ). However, further studies are needed to reach a definitive answer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global status of synchronizing Leishmania RNA virus in Leishmania parasites: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Saberi

Fakhar

Mohebali

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. There is much evidence regarding prevalence of Leishmania RNAvirus (LRV) causing Old World leishmaniasis (OWL) and New World leishmaniasis (NWL); however, a combined evidence‐based knowledge on this topic is not still available. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to address the global status of synchronizing LRV in Leishmania in the available literature. The data were systematically collected from the English electronic databases up to May 2018. Then, the studies were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The random‐effect model was used by forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI). Overall, 877 samples from 17 articles were included in this study. Given species of Leishmania, the highest prevalence of LRV belonged to Leishmania (L.) Viannia (V.) guyanensis and L. V. braziliensis. Additionally, the virus was detected also in L. V. amazonensis, L. V. panamanensis, L. V. lainsoni, L. aethiopica, L. major and L. infantum. By random‐effect model, the global prevalence of LRV was estimated to be 26.2% (95% CI: 14.4% ‐ 40.1%). The high prevalence of LRV among causative agents of NWLisolated from the metastatic clinical forms suggests potential association of LRV with metastatic clinical forms in New World endemic regions. A comprehensive investigation on experimental and clinical aspects of LRV is needed to fully appraise the role of these viruses in pathogenicity of Leishmania parasites and their drug resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global status of synchronizing Leishmania RNA virus in Leishmania parasites: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Saberi

Fakhar

Mohebali

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…In addition, LRV1-containing exosomes derived from L. guyanensis were able to infect virus-free L. panamenis parasites in a transwell migration assay, though the infection only last a few weeks. Importantly, co-inoculation of non-infected L. panamensis and L. mexicana with LRV1-containing exosomes, but not with naked LRV1, induced disease exacerbation in the mouse model [119]. Hence, the exploitation of exosomes as viral envelopes by LRV1 could possibly explain how the viral genome is exposed to mammalian cells during infection with Leishmania and promote hyper-inflammatory reactions.…”

Section: Leishmania Rna Viruses (Lrv) and Their Implications In Diseamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, it was speculated that the viral genome could escape from dying parasites in phagolysosomes and then elicit the TLR-3-dependent hyper-inflammation [100]. Recently, a mechanism involving the hijack of the exosomal pathway of Leishmania parasites by LRV1 was proposed [119]. LRV1 particles from infected L. guyanensis was observed in transmission electron micrographs associated with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and also reaching the extracellular milieu through exosomes released by its host-parasite [119].…”

Section: Leishmania Rna Viruses (Lrv) and Their Implications In Diseamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a mechanism involving the hijack of the exosomal pathway of Leishmania parasites by LRV1 was proposed [119]. LRV1 particles from infected L. guyanensis was observed in transmission electron micrographs associated with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and also reaching the extracellular milieu through exosomes released by its host-parasite [119]. The detection of viral proteins and genome in these membrane-enclosed vesicles by western-blot and RT-PCR indicated that LRV1 uses exosomes as envelopes, which confer protection from viral genome degradation [119].…”

Section: Leishmania Rna Viruses (Lrv) and Their Implications In Diseamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LRV1 particles from infected L. guyanensis was observed in transmission electron micrographs associated with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and also reaching the extracellular milieu through exosomes released by its host-parasite [119]. The detection of viral proteins and genome in these membrane-enclosed vesicles by western-blot and RT-PCR indicated that LRV1 uses exosomes as envelopes, which confer protection from viral genome degradation [119]. In addition, LRV1-containing exosomes derived from L. guyanensis were able to infect virus-free L. panamenis parasites in a transwell migration assay, though the infection only last a few weeks.…”

Section: Leishmania Rna Viruses (Lrv) and Their Implications In Diseamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective or Detrimental? Understanding the Role of Host Immunity in Leishmaniasis

Meira

Gedamu

2019

Microorganisms

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The intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease of major public health concern, estimated to affect 12 million people worldwide. The clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis are highly variable and can range from self-healing localized cutaneous lesions to life-threatening disseminated visceral disease. Once introduced into the skin by infected sandflies, Leishmania parasites interact with a variety of immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages. The resolution of infection requires a finely tuned interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells, culminating with the activation of microbicidal functions and parasite clearance within host cells. However, several factors derived from the host, insect vector, and Leishmania spp., including the presence of a double-stranded RNA virus (LRV), can modulate the host immunity and influence the disease outcome. In this review, we discuss the immune mechanisms underlying the main forms of leishmaniasis, some of the factors involved with the establishment of infection and disease severity, and potential approaches for vaccine and drug development focused on host immunity.

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Potential of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy for parasitic diseases

Pinheiro,

Torrecilhas,

Souza

et al. 2024

J of Extracellular Vesicle

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Parasitic diseases have a significant impact on human and animal health, representing a major hazard to the public and causing economic and health damage worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have long been recognized as diagnostic and therapeutic tools but are now also known to be implicated in the natural history of parasitic diseases and host immune response modulation. Studies have shown that EVs play a role in parasitic disease development by interacting with parasites and communicating with other types of cells. This review highlights the most recent research on EVs and their role in several aspects of parasite‐host interactions in five key parasitic diseases: Chagas disease, malaria, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis and helminthiases. We also discuss the potential use of EVs as diagnostic tools or treatment options for these infectious diseases.

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Exploitation of the Leishmania exosomal pathway by Leishmania RNA virus 1

Cited by 91 publications

References 33 publications

Global status of synchronizing Leishmania RNA virus in Leishmania parasites: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Global status of synchronizing Leishmania RNA virus in Leishmania parasites: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Protective or Detrimental? Understanding the Role of Host Immunity in Leishmaniasis

Potential of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy for parasitic diseases

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