Exploiting Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter in Rangelands

Bird, Simon B.; Herrick, James B.; Wander, Michelle M.

doi:10.1201/9781420032468.sec2

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This balance is affected by a series of complex interactions between plant growth, climate, soil type, topography and site management (Baldock and Skjemstad 1999). These processes affect SOC concentrations and stocks on a range of different temporal and spatial scales ranging from plant/pedon scales (mm-200 m), to community scales (20 m-km), and to landscape and regional scales (>km) (Bird et al 2001) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Variability Of Soc And Soc Pools In Ausmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant material provides the main source of SOC through litter drop, the production of root exudates, and root mortality (Bird et al 2001). Consequently, the size, morphology (e.g.…”

Section: Spatial Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These components will tend to congregate around areas already high in organic C content, further contributing to SOC heterogeneity (Bird et al 2001). Soil macro-and micro-fauna also contribute to SOC heterogeneity due to the soil mixing or bioturbation they cause (VandenBygaart 2006).…”

Section: Spatial Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, from the international literature it is difficult to draw conclusions regarding the variability of SOC in one type of land use compared with another, as this often depends on the characteristics of the area in question. However, as a generalised statement, SOC in grazing areas is often found to be more heterogeneous than in cropped locations (Miao et al 2000;Bird et al 2001), particularly where mixing and homogenisation by cultivation occurs.…”

Section: Spatial Variability Of Soc In Grazing Lands Compared With Otmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schematic representation of soil carbon features at the pedon/plant, community and landscape scale, as affected by vegetation, soil type, environment and management (adapted fromBird et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of sampling designs for the measurement of soil organic carbon in Australian grazing lands

et al. 2010

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The accurate measurement of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in Australian grazing lands is important due to the major role that SOC plays in soil productivity and the potential influence of soil C cycling on Australia's greenhouse gas emissions. However, the current sampling methodologies for SOC stock are varied and potentially conflicting. It was the objective of this paper to review the nature of, and reasons for, SOC variability; the sampling methodologies commonly used; and to identify knowledge gaps for SOC measurement in grazing lands. Soil C consists of a range of biological materials, in various SOC pools such as dissolved organic C, micro-and meso-fauna (microbial biomass), fungal hyphae and fresh plant residues in or on the soil (particulate organic C, light-fraction C), the products of decomposition (humus, slow pool C) and complexed organic C, and char and phytoliths (inert, passive or resistant C); and soil inorganic C (carbonates and bicarbonates). Microbial biomass and particulate or light-fraction organic C are most sensitive to management or land-use change; resistant organic C and soil carbonates are least sensitive. The SOC present at any location is influenced by a series of complex interactions between plant growth, climate, soil type or parent material, topography and site management. Because of this, SOC stock and SOC pools are highly variable on both spatial and temporal scales. This creates a challenge for efficient sampling. Sampling methods are predominantly based on design-based (classical) statistical techniques, crucial to which is a randomised sampling pattern that negates bias. Alternatively a model-based (geostatistical) analysis can be used, which does not require randomisation. Each approach is equally valid to characterise SOC in the rangelands. However, given that SOC reporting in the rangelands will almost certainly rely on average values for some aggregated scale (such as a paddock or property), we contend that the design-based approach might be preferred. We also challenge soil surveyors and their sponsors to realise that: (i) paired sites are the most efficient way of detecting a temporal change in SOC stock, but destructive sampling and cumulative measurement errors decrease our ability to detect change; (ii) due to (i), an efficient sampling scheme to estimate baseline status is not likely to be an efficient sampling scheme to estimate temporal change; (iii) samples should be collected as widely as possible within the area of interest; (iv) replicate of laboratory analyses is a critical step in being able to characterise temporal change. Sampling requirements for SOC stock in Australian grazing lands are yet to be explicitly quantified and an examination of a range of these ecosystems is required in order to assess the sampling densities and techniques necessary to detect specified changes in SOC stock and SOC pools. An examination of techniques that can help reduce sampling requirements (such as measurement of the SOC fractions that are most sensitive to management...

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Section: Spatial and Temporal Variability Of Soc And Soc Pools In Ausmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant material provides the main source of SOC through litter drop, the production of root exudates, and root mortality (Bird et al 2001). Consequently, the size, morphology (e.g.…”

Section: Spatial Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Variability Of Soc In Grazing Lands Compared With Otmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of sampling designs for the measurement of soil organic carbon in Australian grazing lands

et al. 2010

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PERBEDAAN SIMPANAN KARBON ORGANIK PADA HUTAN TANAMAN Acacia Mangium Wild DAN HUTAN SEKUNDER MUDA

Siringoringo¹

2014

jur.pen.hut.konsevasi.alam

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This study presents a case study examining soil organic carbon stock at two land use types, i.e. between plots under Acacia mangium Willd plantations (M-P) and under young secondary forest (M-SF) as baseline vegetation after four years within an Acrisols soil type in Forestry Resort of Maribaya, Bogor District. The result showed that, at depths of 0-30 cm, soil organic contents (SOC) were generally higher at the M-P plot (2.30-4.79%) than at the M-SF plot (1.79-3.81%). While bulk densities (BD) were generally lower at the M-P plot (0.62-0.85 g/cm 3 ) than at the M-SF plot (0.76-0.89 g/cm 3 ). Meanwhile, with equivalent soil mass approach, change in cumulative SOC stocks of 0-30 cm depths were generally higher at the M-P plot (8.8 ton C/ha equating to 8.4 ton/ha/year of CO 2 sequestered) than at the M-SF plot (2.2 ton C/ha equating to 1.5 ton/ha/year of CO 2 sequestered). As implication, the change of young secondary forest to A. mangium Willd plantation in Acrisols soil in Maribaya could act as a soil carbon sink.

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Impacts of land use and topography on soil organic carbon in a Mediterranean landscape (north-western Tunisia)

Jendoubi¹,

Liniger²,

Speranza³

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. This study evaluated the impact of land use and landscape forms on SOC within the Wadi Beja watershed in north-western Tunisia. A soil spectral library was set to assess the variation of the SOC of 1440 soil samples from four land use types (field crops, permanent crops, forest, and grazing land), three slope categories (flat, moderate, and steep) and two aspects (north- and south-facing). For field crops, only one factor – slope – significantly affected SOC, which SOC levels in north-facing areas appear higher in flat areas (0.75 %) than in hilly areas (0.51%). However, in south-facing areas, SOC levels were also higher in flat areas (0.74 %) than in hilly areas (0.50 %). For permanent crops, which was interplanted with field crops, the slope significantly affected SOC levels where SOC levels have been improved to 0.97 % in flat north facing and 0.96 % in flat south-facing areas, which are higher than hilly south – and north-facing areas (0.79 %). In the grazing land use system, both investigated factors – aspect and slope – significantly affected the SOC levels which, SOC levels were significantly higher in flat areas (north-facing: 0.84 %, south-facing: 0.77 %), compared to hilly areas (north-facing: 0.61 %, south-facing: 0.56 %). For the forest, none of the factors had a significant effect on the SOC, which they are higher in flat areas (north-facing: 1.15 %, south-facing: 1.14 %), compared to 1.09 % in north and 1.07 % in south-facing in steep areas. This study highlights the importance of the land use and landscape forms in determining the variation in SOC levels.

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Exploiting Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter in Rangelands

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

A review of sampling designs for the measurement of soil organic carbon in Australian grazing lands

A review of sampling designs for the measurement of soil organic carbon in Australian grazing lands

PERBEDAAN SIMPANAN KARBON ORGANIK PADA HUTAN TANAMAN Acacia Mangium Wild DAN HUTAN SEKUNDER MUDA

Impacts of land use and topography on soil organic carbon in a Mediterranean landscape (north-western Tunisia)

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