Exploiting serological data to understand the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes circulating in Libya

Eldaghayes, Ibrahim; Dayhum, Abdunaser; Kammon, Abdulwahab; Sharif, Monier; Ferrari, Giancarlo; Bartels, C.J.M.; Sumption, Keith; King, Donald P.; Grazioli, Santina; Brocchi, Emiliana

doi:10.4314/ovj.v7i1.1

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The overall NSP serological prevalence in cattle was 65.14% which was higher as compared to 15.71% in sheep population. This finding is like that of Eldaghayes et al [27] in Lbya. The present NSP FMD seroprevalence status of sedentary herds in Ngaoundere was higher than 20.70% obtained by Kuate [28] in the same study area, but lower than 87.50% obtained by Oliva [29] in non-vaccinated cattle herds in the same study region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Serological Epidemiology of Foot-and-mouth Disease among Sedentary Mixed-species Herds in Adamawa Region, Cameroon

Sevidzem¹,

Abdoulmoumini

Mavoungou

et al. 2019

JAMB

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important viral disease of domestic animals and wildlife. High circulation occurs during outbreaks but little is known about the current transmission dynamics in sedentary cattle and sheep herds. To investigate on this, samples from cattle and sheep located in the Vina Division of the Adamawa region of Cameroon, during FMD outbreaks were collected. Non-Structural Protein (NSP) and antigen detecting/serotyping FMD ELISAs were used for sample screening. The NSP serological data of cattle was used to estimate transmission parameters in catalytic and reverse catalytic models. The Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC) revealed the reverse catalytic model as the most parsimonious for the NSP serological data and was used to estimate the force of infection (FOI), the rate of waning immunity and to estimate historic periods of sustained transmission. Four serological types of FMD notably O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 were identified from cattle vesicular epithelia tissues. Seroprevalence findings revealed 65.14% and 15.71% FMDV antibodies in cattle and sheep respectively with highest prevalence in both populations occurring in Mbidjoro. The FOI (λ) in sedentary herds was constant; the rate of waning immunity (ω) was 0.32 meaning cattle are generally immune for 3.12 years post natural infection. The reproductive number (Rt) was 7.33, meaning approximately 87% of cattle always need to be effectively immunized to prevent outbreaks. Therefore, FMD circulates in sedentary cattle and sheep populations in the study area with four serological types detected in cattle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Serological Epidemiology of Foot-and-mouth Disease among Sedentary Mixed-species Herds in Adamawa Region, Cameroon

Sevidzem¹,

Abdoulmoumini

Mavoungou

et al. 2019

JAMB

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“…In this study the country sero-prevalence of FMD in SR was found to be 23.3% similar to what has been reported in other countries where FMD is endemic [41,42]. It is however higher than that reported in Ethiopia, Israel, Libya and Sudan [33,34,36,37,43] but about half of what has been reported in Tanzania and Myanmar [39,44,45]. A previous study in cattle in Kenya showed much higher sero-prevalence in cattle at 52.5% [70] and unpublished data obtained at the same time with this current study in Kenyan cattle revealed a sero-prevalence rate of 37.6% in cattle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiological study on foot-and-mouth disease in small ruminants: sero-prevalence and risk factor assessment in Kenya

Chepkwony

Gitao

Muchemi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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20All authors: ECC, GCG, GMM, AKS, SWK developed the research plan and methodology and 21 all discussed the results. GCG guided the whole process and provided constructive and 22 supportive insights. AKS provided FMD expertise. SKW, GMM and ECC curated, visualized 23 and analyzed the data. ECC and SWK sourced for funding and other resources, carried out the 24 investigation and wrote the original draft. All authors edited and approved the final draft. 25 2 26 Abstract 27 28Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Kenya affecting cloven-hoofed ruminants. 29The epidemiology of the disease in small ruminants (SR) is not documented. We carried out a 30 cross-sectional study, the first in Kenya, to estimate the sero-prevalence of FMD in SR and the 31 associated risk factors nationally. Selection of animals to be sampled used a multistage cluster 32 sampling approach. Serum samples totaling 7564 were screened for FMD antibodies of Non-33 Structural-Proteins using ID Screen ® NSP Competition ELISA kit. Data were analysed using 34 Statistical Package for Social Studies Version 20. To identify the risk factors, chi-square and 35logistic regression analyses were used. The country animal level sero-prevalence was 23.3% 36 (95% CI: 22.3-24.3%) while herd level sero-prevalence was 77.6% (95% CI: 73.9-80.9%). Sero-37 positivity was significantly higher in the pastoral zone (31.5%) than in the sedentary zone at 38 14.5% (χ2 =303.2, p<0.05). In the most parsimonious backward fitting logistic multivariable 39 regression, the only risk factors that were significantly positively associated with FMD sero-40 positivity in SR were multipurpose (OR=1.150; p=0.034) and dairy production types (OR=2.029; 41 p=0.003). Those that were significantly negatively associated with FMD sero-positivity were 42 male sex (OR=0.856; p=0.026), young age (OR=0.601; p=0.037), sedentary production zone 43 (OR=0.471; p<0.001), bringing in of SR (OR=0.838; p=0.004), purchase of SR from 44 market/middlemen (OR=0.877; p=0.049), no interaction with wildlife (OR=0.657; p<0.001), 45 mixed production type (OR=0.701; p=0.016), enclosure of SR day and night (OR=0.515; 46 p=0.001), migratory grazing system (OR=0.807; p=0.047), on-farm watering system (OR=0.724; 47 p=0.002), male-from-another-farm (OR=0.723; p=0.030) and artificial insemination (OR=0.357; 48 p=0.008) breeding methods. 49This study showed that there is widespread undetected virus circulation in SR indicated by 50 ubiquitous spatial distribution of significant FMD sero-positivity in the country. The risk factors 3 51 were mainly husbandry related. Strengthening of risk-based FMD surveillance in carrier SR 52 which pose potential risk of virus transmission to other susceptible species is recommended. 53Adjustment of husbandry practices to control FMD in SR and in-contact species is suggested. 54Cross-transmission and more risk factors need to be researched. 55 56

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“…Serotype O in Egypt also has the upper hand in all outbreaks till 2005; with exception of 1972, the serotype A was the cause of the outbreak in this year [45]. Also, the result of the study carried out in Libya refers to that the dominance was for serotype O then serotype A [46]. Others studies of seroprevalence of FMD serotypes in Sudan have been reported: the study of prevalence in rat of FMDV in Khartoum state revealed that the antibodies against serotype O are (95%), serotype SAT-2 (80%), and then type A and SAT-1 (57%) [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of some Infectious transboundry diseases in cattle imported from Sudan to Egypt

Hekal¹,

Al-Gaabary²,

El-Sayed³

et al. 2019

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: Animal trade has an important role in the economy but in contrast, it causes the spread of infectious diseases overall the world, in particular, the trans-boundary animal diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report the prevalence rate of some transboundary infectious diseases to assess the effectiveness of quarantine measure in the detection of exotic disease and clarify the role of live animal trade in infectious transboundary diseases spread. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 176 serum samples obtained from cattle imported from Sudan in order to determine the prevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD), Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR), and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR). Three serological tests were used; Serum neutralization test for FMD, Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) for PPR, and Competitive ELISA for IBR. Results: The seroprevalence of FMD in tested sera was; 77.27% in the serotype A (A-Iran), 68.18% in the serotype A (A-Africa), 93.82% in the serotype O (O-Pan Asia), and 35.227% in the serotype South African Territories-2 (SAT-2) SAT-2. While the overall seroprevalence of PPR was 49.431% and the IBR was 93.75%. Conclusion: The result indicates the serious role of live animal trade as “hubs” for infectious diseases spread. Subsequently, the common control measures must be taken to avoid the spread of the diseases through the animal trade; which include screening, surveillance, precautions at borders, and vaccination.

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Exploiting serological data to understand the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes circulating in Libya

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Serological Epidemiology of Foot-and-mouth Disease among Sedentary Mixed-species Herds in Adamawa Region, Cameroon

Serological Epidemiology of Foot-and-mouth Disease among Sedentary Mixed-species Herds in Adamawa Region, Cameroon

Epidemiological study on foot-and-mouth disease in small ruminants: sero-prevalence and risk factor assessment in Kenya

Seroprevalence of some Infectious transboundry diseases in cattle imported from Sudan to Egypt

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