While single-crystal
X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) is one of the most
powerful structural determination techniques for organic molecules,
the requirement of obtaining a suitable crystal for analysis limits
its applicability, particularly for liquids and amorphous solids.
The emergent use of
preformed
porous crystalline
matrices that can absorb organic compounds and stabilize them via
host–guest interactions for observation via SC-XRD offers a
way to overcome this hindrance. A topical and current discussion of
SC-XRD in organic chemistry and the use of preformed matrices for
the
in crystallo
analysis of organic compounds, with
a particular focus on the absolute structure determination of chiral
molecules, is presented. Preformed crystalline matrices that are covered
include metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as used in the crystalline
sponge method, metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs, coordination
cages), porous organic materials (POMs)/porous organic molecular crystals
(POMCs), and biological scaffolds. An outlook and perspective on the
current technology and on its future directions is provided.