Exploiting the tuneable density of scCO2 to improve particle size control for dispersion polymerisations in the presence of poly(dimethyl siloxane) stabilisers

Kortsen, Kristoffer; Fowler, Harriet R; Jacob, Philippa L.; Krumins, Eduards; Lentz, Joachim C.; Souhil, Mathieu R.A.; Taresco, Vincenzo; Howdle, Steven M.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111108

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Besides residence time and depressurization rate, foam production with CO 2 essentially relies on temperature and pressure. Operational temperature and pressure directly influence the density of the scCO 2 , thus making the supercritical fluid behave more or less like a gas or liquid [22]. Fundamentally, temperature and pressure change the density of the scCO 2 .…”

Section: Process Related Factors Influencing Polymer Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among SCFs, other than N 2 , supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) is a promising chemical because of its relatively low critical temperature and pressure (Table 1), nontoxicity, and environmentally friendliness [20]. Within the processes utilizing scCO 2 , the combination of gas and liquid behaviour can be fine-tuned to engineer the density of the SCF with adjustments to the pressure and/or temperature of the process [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production and Application of Polymer Foams Employing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Lima¹,

Bose²

2022

Advances in Polymer Technology

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Polymeric foams have characteristics that make them attractive for different applications. However, some foaming methods rely on chemicals that are not environmentally friendly. One of the possibilities to tackle the environmental issue is to utilize supercritical carbon dioxide ScCO2 since it is a “green” solvent, thus facilitating a sustainable method of producing foams. ScCO2 is nontoxic, chemically inert, and soluble in molten plastic. It can act as a plasticizer, decreasing the viscosity of polymers according to temperature and pressure. Most foam processes can benefit from ScCO2 since the methods rely on nucleation, growth, and expansion mechanisms. Process considerations such as pretreatment, temperature, pressure, pressure drop, and diffusion time are relevant parameters for foaming. Other variables such as additives, fillers, and chain extenders also play a role in the foaming process. This review highlights the morphology, performance, and features of the foam produced with ScCO2, considering relevant aspects of replacing or introducing a novel foam. Recent findings related to foaming assisted by ScCO2 and how processing parameters influence the foam product are addressed. In addition, we discuss possible applications where foams have significant benefits. This review shows the recent progress and possibilities of ScCO2 in processing polymer foams.

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Section: Process Related Factors Influencing Polymer Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Application of Polymer Foams Employing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Lima¹,

Bose²

2022

Advances in Polymer Technology

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“…See ref. 25 and 26 for more details. 25,26 preventing secondary nucleation and the formation of unwanted PMMA particle byproducts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key to this new methodology is iterative addition of the MMA monomer to the preprepared PS core. This ensures polymerisation occurs on the preformed PS-core particles, § 25,26 preventing secondary nucleation and the formation of unwanted PMMA particle byproducts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of core–shell polymer particles in supercritical carbon dioxide via iterative monomer addition

Kortsen,

Reynolds-Green,

Hopkins

et al. 2023

Chem. Commun.

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Dispersion Polymerization of N‐Vinyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of Thiol‐Terminated Poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐vinyl propionate)

Zhang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Carbon dioxide can be used as an important solvent medium for preparing polymer particles through dispersion polymerization. However, based on the weak solvent characteristics of carbon dioxide, the development of stabilizers used in dispersion polymerization has always been an important challenge. These stabilizers are progressing toward the low‐cost, pollution‐free, and simple synthesis routes, et al. In this research, pentaerythritol tetra (3‐mercaptopropionate) was used to control the homopolymerization or copolymerization of vinyl acetate/vinyl propionate, the homopolymers or copolymers with thiol group were synthesized by the one‐pot method. These homopolymers or copolymers were used as the stabilizers to stabilize the dispersion polymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) in supercritical carbon dioxide. The results show that the structural unit proportion of the stabilizers, the concentration of stabilizers or AIBN, and the time interval for dispersion polymerization have significant impacts on the conversion percentage of NVP and the molecular weight of polymers. The maximum conversion percentage of NVP can get to 95%, and the molecular weight of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) can reach 22.3 kPa. SEM analysis indicates that the PNVP obtained has regular spherical characteristics.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Exploiting the tuneable density of scCO2 to improve particle size control for dispersion polymerisations in the presence of poly(dimethyl siloxane) stabilisers

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Production and Application of Polymer Foams Employing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Production and Application of Polymer Foams Employing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Synthesis of core–shell polymer particles in supercritical carbon dioxide via iterative monomer addition

Dispersion Polymerization of N‐Vinyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of Thiol‐Terminated Poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐vinyl propionate)

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