Exploiting Wild Emmer Wheat Diversity to Improve Wheat A and B Genomes in Breeding for Heat Stress Adaptation

Balla, Mohammed Yousif; Gorafi, Yasir Serag Alnor; Kamal, Nasrein Mohamed; Abdalla, Modather Galal Abdeldaim; Tahir, Izzat S. A.; Tsujimoto, Hisashi

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.895742

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[8,[37][38][39]. From the breeding side, attempts are being made to harness the diversity of wheat's wild relatives, including wild emmer wheat, to introduce genes for wheat's genetic improvement to increase wheat resilience to cope with the effects of climate change [40][41][42][43][44][45]. A good example of global collaboration in durum wheat improvement is the Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durum Wheat Field Performance and Stability in the Irrigated, Dry and Heat-Prone Environments of Sudan

et al. 2023

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Developing climate-resilient crop varieties with better performance under variable environments is essential to ensure food security in a changing climate. This process is significantly influenced, among other factors, by genotype × environment (G × E) interactions. With the objective of identifying high-yielding and stable genotypes, 20 elite durum wheat lines were evaluated in 24 environments (location–season combination) during 5 crop seasons (2010/11–2014/15). The REML (residual maximum likelihood)-predicted means of grain yield of 16 genotypes that were common across all environments ranged from 3522 kg/ha in G201 to 4132 kg/ha in G217. Results of additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis showed that genotypes (G), environments (E), and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) significantly affected grain yield. From the total sum of squares due to treatments (G + E + GEI), E attributed the highest proportion of the variation (90.0%), followed by GEI (8.7%) and G (1.3%). Based on the first four AMMI selections for grain yield in the 24 environments, genotypes G217, G219, G211, and G213 were selected in 23, 12, 11, and 9 environments, respectively. The genotype and genotype × environment biplot (GGE) biplot polygon view showed that the environments were separated into three mega-environments. The winning genotypes in these mega-environments were G217, G214, and G204. Genotypes G212, G220, G217, G215, and G213 showed low AMMI stability values (ASV), whereas genotypes G217, G220, G212, G211, and G219 showed low genotype selection index (GSI), indicating their better stability and adaptability to the test environments. The results indicated that genotypes G217, G219, G211, G213, and G220 combined both high grain yield and stability/adaptability under dry but irrigated and heat-prone environments. An in-depth analysis of the superior genotypes could help better understand the stress-adaptive traits that could be targeted to further increase durum wheat yield and stability under the changing climate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durum Wheat Field Performance and Stability in the Irrigated, Dry and Heat-Prone Environments of Sudan

et al. 2023

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“…At WM1 and WM2, sowing was performed during the 4th week of November, whereas at DN and WA, sowing was performed during the 2nd week of December. All crop management including seed treatments, irrigation, fertilizer application, weed control, etc., followed the recommendations of the ARC for wheat production in Sudan as previously described [19,21,46]. During the winter season, there is usually no rainfall at any of the experimental sites.…”

Section: Experimental Sites and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress-Tolerant Quantitative Trait Loci Identified Using Backcrossed Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from Intra-Specifically Diverse Aegilops tauschii Accessions

Ahmed,

Kamal,

Gorafi

et al. 2024

Plants

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In the face of climate change, bringing more useful alleles and genes from wild relatives of wheat is crucial to develop climate-resilient varieties. We used two populations of backcrossed recombinant inbred lines (BIL1 and BIL2), developed by crossing and backcrossing two intra-specifically diverse Aegilops tauschii accessions from lineage 1 and lineage 2, respectively, with the common wheat cultivar ‘Norin 61′. This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with heat stress (HS) tolerance. The two BILs were evaluated under heat stress environments in Sudan for phenology, plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), biomass (BIO), harvest index (HI), and thousand-kernel weight (TKW). Grain yield was significantly correlated with BIO and TKW under HS; therefore, the stress tolerance index (STI) was calculated for these traits as well as for GY. A total of 16 heat-tolerant lines were identified based on GY and STI-GY. The QTL analysis performed using inclusive composite interval mapping identified a total of 40 QTLs in BIL1 and 153 QTLs in BIL2 across all environments. We detected 39 QTLs associated with GY-STI, BIO-STI, and TKW-STI in both populations (14 in BIL1 and 25 in BIL2). The QTLs associated with STI were detected on chromosomes 1A, 3A, 5A, 2B, 4B, and all the D-subgenomes. We found that QTLs were detected only under HS for GY on chromosome 5A, TKW on 3B and 5B, PH on 3B and 4B, and grain filling duration on 2B. The higher number of QTLs identified in BIL2 for heat stress tolerance suggests the importance of assessing the effects of intraspecific variation of Ae. tauschii in wheat breeding as it could modulate the heat stress responses/adaptation. Our study provides useful genetic resources for uncovering heat-tolerant QTLs for wheat improvement for heat stress environments.

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“…Wild emmer wheat harbors rich allelic diversity for n um e r ou s i m po r t an t t r ai t s , i n c l ud i n g ag r o n om i c characteristics, grain quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses (Nevo et al, 2012;Fadida-Myers et al, 2022). A large number of genes and QTLs that are valuable for wheat improvement have been identified in the wild emmer gene pool and mapped (Reader and Miller, 1991;Peng et al, 2000;Rong et al, 2000;Chee et al, 2001;Peng et al, 2003;Merchuk-Ovnat et al, 2016;Balla et al, 2022a;Balla et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of modern bread wheat, exhibits great diversity in the VERNALIZATION1 gene

Strejčková

Mazzucotelli²,

Čegan³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Wild emmer wheat is an excellent reservoir of genetic variability that can be utilized to improve cultivated wheat to address the challenges of the expanding world population and climate change. Bearing this in mind, we have collected a panel of 263 wild emmer wheat (WEW) genotypes across the Fertile Crescent. The genotypes were grown in different locations and phenotyped for heading date. Genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) was carried out, and 16 SNPs were associated with the heading date. As the flowering time is controlled by photoperiod and vernalization, we sequenced the VRN1 gene, the most important of the vernalization response genes, to discover new alleles. Unlike most earlier attempts, which characterized known VRN1 alleles according to a partial promoter or intron sequences, we obtained full-length sequences of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 genes in a panel of 95 wild emmer wheat from the Fertile Crescent and uncovered a significant sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 haplotypes revealed their evolutionary relationships and geographic distribution in the Fertile Crescent region. The newly described alleles represent an attractive resource for durum and bread wheat improvement programs.

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Exploiting Wild Emmer Wheat Diversity to Improve Wheat A and B Genomes in Breeding for Heat Stress Adaptation

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Durum Wheat Field Performance and Stability in the Irrigated, Dry and Heat-Prone Environments of Sudan

Durum Wheat Field Performance and Stability in the Irrigated, Dry and Heat-Prone Environments of Sudan

Heat Stress-Tolerant Quantitative Trait Loci Identified Using Backcrossed Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from Intra-Specifically Diverse Aegilops tauschii Accessions

Wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of modern bread wheat, exhibits great diversity in the VERNALIZATION1 gene

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