Exploration: an overarching focus for holistic development

Stodden, David F.; Lakes, Kimberley D.; Côté, Jean; Aadland, Eivind; Brian, Ali; Draper, Catherine E.; Ekkekakis, Panteleimon; Fumagalli, Guido Francesco; Laukkanen, Arto; Mavilidi, Myrto F.; Mazzoli, Emiliano; Neville, Ross D.; Niemistö, Donna; Rudd, James; Sääkslahti, Arja; Schmidt, Mirko; Tomporowski, Phillip D.; Tortella, Patrizia; Vazou, Spyridoula; Pesce, Caterina

doi:10.20338/bjmb.v15i5.254

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Evidence on motor creativity promotion is at the core of the motor competence discourse in its broadest meaning and of those interventional strategies that involve a tailored exploration of movement opportunities in the person-context interaction ( Stodden et al, 2021 ). An optimal frame for this discourse is that of physical literacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond the usual definition as the competence, confidence and knowledge to be physically active for life, a recent overarching model highlights the holistic nature of physical literacy and the reciprocal and reinforcing relations of motor competence with knowledge, motivational, affective and social processes that emerge from the person-context interaction in various real life settings ( Cairney et al, 2019 ). Parallel to and partly driven by this extension of the meaning of motor competence, motor creativity – the ability to produce functional or expressive solutions to movement tasks that are novel, original, and pertinent ( Memmert, 2011 ) – and related constructs, such as movement variability ( Orth et al, 2017 ; Pesce et al, 2019 ), adaptability ( Richard et al, 2018b ), functional novelty ( Hristovski et al, 2011 ) and exploration ( Stodden et al, 2021 ) – are gaining momentum. Nevertheless, interventional evidence on how to foster it is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Giving Ideas Some Legs or Legs Some Ideas? Children’s Motor Creativity Is Enhanced by Physical Activity Enrichment: Direct and Mediated Paths

et al. 2022

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Approaches to foster motor creativity differ according to whether creative movements are assumed to be enacted creative ideas, or solutions to emerging motor problems that arise from task and environmental constraints. The twofold aim of the current study was to investigate whether (1) an enriched physical education (PE) intervention delivered with a joint constraints-led and cognitive stimulation approach fosters motor creativity, and the responsiveness to the intervention is moderated by baseline motor and cognitive skills and sex; (2) the intervention may benefit motor creativity through gains in motor coordination, executive function, and creative thinking. Ninety-five children, aged 6–9 years, participated in a 6-month group randomized trial with specialist-led enriched PE vs. generalist-led conventional PE. Before and after the intervention, Bertsch’s Test of Motor Creativity, Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Random Number Generation task and Torrance Test of Creative Thinking were administered. Linear mixed models were run accounting for the random effects of data clusters. Multiple mediation analysis was performed to assess whether motor coordination, executive function and creative thinking mediated any improvement of motor creativity. Results showed that (1) specialist-led enriched PE, compared to generalist-led conventional practice, elicited a more pronounced improvement in all motor creativity dimensions (fluency, flexibility, and originality) independently of baseline levels of motor and cognitive skills and sex; and (2) improved motor creativity was partially mediated by improved motor coordination and, as regards motor flexibility, also by improved inhibitory ability. In conclusion, enriching PE with tailored manipulations of constraints and variability may enhance the ability to create multiple and original task-pertinent movements both directly and through indirect paths. The results are discussed extending to motor creativity a theoretical framework that distinguishes different creativity modes. The intervention may have fostered the generation of creative movements directly through the exposure to variation in constraints, activating the sensorimotor ‘flow’ mode of creativity that bypasses higher-order cognition, but also indirectly through a systematic and conscious convergence on solutions, activating the ‘deliberate’ mode of creativity that relies on inhibition to reject common or task-inappropriate movement categories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giving Ideas Some Legs or Legs Some Ideas? Children’s Motor Creativity Is Enhanced by Physical Activity Enrichment: Direct and Mediated Paths

et al. 2022

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“…While this study and Costa et al [ 13 ] provide initial empirical evidence for the proficiency barrier, more work is needed to better understand the potential impact of other factors that may influence the ability to overcome a proficiency barrier (e.g., age, motivation, self-perceptions, sociocultural factors, etc.). In addition, longitudinal studies are needed to understand the potential broader impact of the proficiency barrier on other critical developmental outcomes [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Seefeldt’s Proficiency Barrier: A Longitudinal Study

Santos

Pacheco

Stodden

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The idea that proficiency in the fundamental movement skills (FMS) is necessary for the development of more complex motor skills (i.e., the proficiency barrier) and to promote health-enhancing physical activity and health-related physical fitness levels is widespread in the literature of motor development. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study assessing whether children presenting proficiency below a specified proficiency barrier would demonstrate difficulty in improving performance in more complex skills—even when subjected to a period of practice in these complex skills. The present study tested this. Eighty-five normal children (44 boys) aged 7 to 10 years participated in the study. The intervention took place during 10 consecutive classes, once a week, lasting 40 min each. Six FMS (running, hopping, leaping, kicking, catching and stationary dribbling) and one transitional motor skill (TMS) (speed dribbling skill) were assessed. The results showed that only those who showed sufficient proficiency in running and stationary dribbling before the intervention were able to show high performance values in the TMS after intervention. In addition, in line with recent propositions, the results show that the basis for development of the TMS was specific critical components of the FMS and that the barrier can be captured through a logistic function. These results corroborate the proficiency barrier hypothesis and highlight that mastering the critical components of the FMS is a necessary condition for motor development.

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“…We recommend studying OLTAs more in depth by focusing on specific activities and its features [ 53 , 54 ]. For example whether the association with mental health in children differs upon the content of the design (how inclusive it is, degree of structure), content (to which degree does it integrates cognitive, socio-emotional, motor skills), the environment (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between organised leisure-time activities and mental health problems in children

et al. 2022

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Previous studies conducted mainly among adolescents have found associations between participation in sport organised leisure-time activities (OLTAs) and mental health problems (MHP). Fewer research studies have been performed to primary school-aged children and to organised non-sport OLTAs. Therefore, the objective is to examine whether there is an association between participation in sport and non-sport OLTAs and a high risk of MHP in 4- to 12-year-olds. Data were used on 5010 children from a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted between May and July 2018 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Associations between sport OLTAs, non-sport OLTAs and breadth of OLTAs and a high risk of MHP were explored using logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, stressful life events and physical activity. Of all children, 58% participated in sport OLTAs and 22% in non-sport OLTAs. The proportion of children with high risk of MHP among participants in sport OLTAs is smaller than among non-participants (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.81). The proportion of children with high risk of MHP among participants in non-sport OLTAs is smaller than among non-participants (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.91). The proportion of children with a high risk of MHP among participants in 1 category of OLTAs (OR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.76) and in 2–5 categories of OLTAs (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.71) is smaller than among non-participants. Conclusion: The proportion of children with high risk of MHP among participants in OLTAs is smaller than among non-participants. What is Known:• Around 10–-20% of children and adolescents experiences mental health problems.• Sport organised leisure-time activities have been found to be associated with a lower risk of mental health problems in adolescents. What is New:• The proportion of children with a high risk of mental health problems in participants in organised leisure-time activities is smaller than among non-participants.• The proportion of children with a high risk of mental health problems in participants with a higher breadth of organised leisure-time activities is smaller compared to non-participants.

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Exploration: an overarching focus for holistic development

Cited by 21 publications

References 102 publications

Giving Ideas Some Legs or Legs Some Ideas? Children’s Motor Creativity Is Enhanced by Physical Activity Enrichment: Direct and Mediated Paths

Giving Ideas Some Legs or Legs Some Ideas? Children’s Motor Creativity Is Enhanced by Physical Activity Enrichment: Direct and Mediated Paths

Testing Seefeldt’s Proficiency Barrier: A Longitudinal Study

Associations between organised leisure-time activities and mental health problems in children

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