Exploration of 4D MRI Blood Flow using Stylistic Visualization

Pelt, Roy van; Bescós, Javier Oliván; Breeuwer, Marcel; Clough, Rachel E.; Gröller, M. Eduard; Romenij, Bart ter Haar; Vilanova, Anna

doi:10.1109/tvcg.2010.153

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Context: The last aspect of the visualization comprises the volume rendering of the anatomical context. All respondents appreciated the presented volume rendering, in particular based on the T-MIP [27] or blood-flow speed information. However, they prefer to use an anatomical scan for contextual information, involving tedious and time-consuming transfer-function classification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many tools incorporate functionality for local 2D segmentation of the vasculature. This may be performed either manually, such as the contour delineation in GTFlow by Gyrotools [22], or automatically as presented in previous work [27]. Alternatively, the cardiovascular morphology may be segmented in 3D, which is typically performed using specific tools.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamically seeded pathlines consist of comparatively short traces [27]. Although the covered temporal range is relatively narrow, the pathlines are more reliable, and provide an approximative depiction of the pulse-wave in the cardiovascular system.…”

Section: Integral Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, the volume renderer may use blood-flow speed information, or alternatively a temporal maximum-intensity projection (T-MIP) [27], as input data. The speed information provides a cine representation of the blood-flow, while the T-MIP provides a static representation, roughly approximating the interior of the cardiovascular morphology.…”

Section: Anatomical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactive Virtual Probing of 4D MRI Blood-Flow

Pelt

Bescós

Breeuwer

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Fig. 1. Interactive virtual probe with flow visualization approaches, enabling exploration of cardiovascular 4D MRI blood-flow data. Color in the leftmost rendition encodes the blood-flow vorticity, while color in other renditions conveys the local blood-flow speed.Abstract-Better understanding of hemodynamics conceivably leads to improved diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, an elaborate analysis of the blood-flow in heart and thoracic arteries is essential. Contemporary MRI techniques enable acquisition of quantitative time-resolved flow information, resulting in 4D velocity fields that capture the blood-flow behavior. Visual exploration of these fields provides comprehensive insight into the unsteady blood-flow behavior, and precedes a quantitative analysis of additional blood-flow parameters. The complete inspection requires accurate segmentation of anatomical structures, encompassing a time-consuming and hard-to-automate process, especially for malformed morphologies. We present a way to avoid the laborious segmentation process in case of qualitative inspection, by introducing an interactive virtual probe. This probe is positioned semi-automatically within the blood-flow field, and serves as a navigational object for visual exploration. The difficult task of determining position and orientation along the view-direction is automated by a fitting approach, aligning the probe with the orientations of the velocity field. The aligned probe provides an interactive seeding basis for various flow visualization approaches. We demonstrate illustration-inspired particles, integral lines and integral surfaces, conveying distinct characteristics of the unsteady blood-flow. Lastly, we present the results of an evaluation with domain experts, valuing the practical use of our probe and flow visualization techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integral Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactive Virtual Probing of 4D MRI Blood-Flow

Pelt

Bescós

Breeuwer

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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“…All temporal positions together represent one heart beat consisting of systole and diastole. Typical spatial resolutions are 150 × 150 × 50 for 25 temporal positions with a voxel size of 2 × 2 × 2.5mm [43].…”

Section: Tetralogy Of Fallotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Automatic Vortex Extraction in 4D PC-MRI Cardiac Blood Flow Data using Line Predicates

Köhler¹,

Gasteiger²,

Preim³

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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This indicates an improperly closing aortic valve and supports the decision whether or not to implant an artificial valve.Abstract-Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Their initiation and evolution depends strongly on the blood flow characteristics. In recent years, advances in 4D PC-MRI acquisition enable reliable and time-resolved 3D flow measuring, which allows a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patient-specific hemodynamics. Currently, medical researchers investigate the relation between characteristic flow patterns like vortices and different pathologies. The manual extraction and evaluation is tedious and requires expert knowledge. Standardized, (semi-)automatic and reliable techniques are necessary to make the analysis of 4D PC-MRI applicable for the clinical routine. In this work, we present an approach for the extraction of vortex flow in the aorta and pulmonary artery incorporating line predicates. We provide an extensive comparison of existent vortex extraction methods to determine the most suitable vortex criterion for cardiac blood flow and apply our approach to ten datasets with different pathologies like coarctations, Tetralogy of Fallot and aneurysms. For two cases we provide a detailed discussion how our results are capable to complement existent diagnosis information. To ensure real-time feedback for the domain experts we implement our method completely on the GPU.

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Visual Exploration of Simulated and Measured Blood Flow

Vilanova

Preim

Pelt

et al. 2014

Mathematics and Visualization

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Morphology of cardiovascular tissue is influenced by the unsteady behavior of the blood flow and vice versa. Therefore, the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases is directly affected by the blood-flow dynamics. Understanding flow behavior is of vital importance to understand the cardiovascular system and potentially harbors a considerable value for both diagnosis and risk assessment. The analysis of hemodynamic characteristics involves qualitative and quantitative inspection of the blood-flow field. Visualization plays an important role in the qualitative exploration, as well as the definition of relevant quantitative measures and its validation. There are two main approaches to obtain information about the blood flow: simulation by computational fluid dynamics, and in-vivo measurements. Although research on blood flow simulation has been performed for decades, many open problems remain concerning accuracy and patient-specific solutions. Possibilities for real measurement of blood flow have recently increased considerably by new developments in magnetic resonance imaging which enable the acquisition of 3D quantitative measurements of blood-flow velocity fields. This chapter presents the visualization challenges for both simulation and real measurements of unsteady blood-flow fields.

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Exploration of 4D MRI Blood Flow using Stylistic Visualization

Cited by 53 publications

References 28 publications

Interactive Virtual Probing of 4D MRI Blood-Flow

Interactive Virtual Probing of 4D MRI Blood-Flow

Semi-Automatic Vortex Extraction in 4D PC-MRI Cardiac Blood Flow Data using Line Predicates

Visual Exploration of Simulated and Measured Blood Flow

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