Exploration of Brain Connectivity during Human Inhibitory Control Using Inter-Trial Coherence

Chikara, Rupesh Kumar; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Ko, Li-Wei

doi:10.3390/s20061722

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Furthermore, ERP-N200 and P300 waves have been proven to be related to cognition attention in the frontal lobe of the brain. Furthermore, ERP-N200 and P300 waves have been examined under human inhibitory control [ 30 , 34 ]. N500 was previously found to be related to the semantic incongruities in audio perception [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Dynamics of Target Detection via Wireless EEG in Embodied Cognition

Chikara

Yeh

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Embodied cognitive attention detection is important for many real-world applications, such as monitoring attention in daily driving and studying. Exploring how the brain and behavior are influenced by visual sensory inputs becomes a major challenge in the real world. The neural activity of embodied mind cognitive states can be understood through simple symbol experimental design. However, searching for a particular target in the real world is more complicated than during a simple symbol experiment in the laboratory setting. Hence, the development of realistic situations for investigating the neural dynamics of subjects during real-world environments is critical. This study designed a novel military-inspired target detection task for investigating the neural activities of performing embodied cognition tasks in the real-world setting. We adopted independent component analysis (ICA) and electroencephalogram (EEG) dipole source localization methods to study the participant’s event-related potentials (ERPs), event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP), and power spectral density (PSD) during the target detection task using a wireless EEG system, which is more convenient for real-life use. Behavioral results showed that the response time in the congruent condition (582 ms) was shorter than those in the incongruent (666 ms) and nontarget (863 ms) conditions. Regarding the EEG observation, we observed N200-P300 wave activation in the middle occipital lobe and P300-N500 wave activation in the right frontal lobe and left motor cortex, which are associated with attention ERPs. Furthermore, delta (1–4 Hz) and theta (4–7 Hz) band powers in the right frontal lobe, as well as alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) band powers in the left motor cortex were suppressed, whereas the theta (4–7 Hz) band powers in the middle occipital lobe were increased considerably in the attention task. Experimental results showed that the embodied body function influences human mental states and psychological performance under cognition attention tasks. These neural markers will be also feasible to implement in the real-time brain computer interface. Novel findings in this study can be helpful for humans to further understand the interaction between the brain and behavior in multiple target detection conditions in real life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Dynamics of Target Detection via Wireless EEG in Embodied Cognition

Chikara

Yeh

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Inhibitory control (IC), also known as response inhibition, is a cognitive process/executive function-that can be defined as an ability to inhibit impulses in order to increase the chance of appropriate behaviors that are consistent with completing long-term goals [1,2]. An extreme example of a disorder with impaired IC is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Education and Youth Inhibitory Control in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Blacks’ Diminished Returns

Assari

2020

Brain Sciences

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Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) youth are at a higher risk of high-risk behaviors compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) youth. Some of this racial gap is shown to be due to weaker effects of parental educational attainment on reducing the prevalence of behavioral risk factors such as impulsivity, substance use, aggression, obesity, and poor school performance for NHBs, a pattern called Minorities’ Diminished Returns. These diminishing returns may be due to lower than expected effects of parental education on inhibitory control. Aim: We compared NHW and NHB youth for the effect of parental educational attainment on youth inhibitory control, a psychological and cognitive construct that closely predicts high-risk behaviors such as the use of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis that included 4188 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was parental educational attainment. The main outcome was youth inhibitory control measured by the stop-signal task (SST), which was validated by parent reports on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: In race/ethnicity-stratified models, high parental educational attainment was associated with a higher level of inhibitory control for NHB than NHW youth. In the pooled sample, race/ethnicity showed a statistically significant interaction with parental educational attainment on youth inhibitory control suggesting that high parental educational attainment has a smaller boosting effect on inhibitory control for NHB than NHW youth. Conclusion: Parental educational attainment boosts inhibitory control for NHW but not NHB youth. To minimize the racial gap in youth brain development, we need to address societal barriers that diminish the returns of family economic and human resources, particularly parental educational attainment, for racial and ethnic minority youth. Social and public policies should address structural and societal barriers such as social stratification, segregation, racism, and discrimination that hinder NHB parents’ abilities to effectively mobilize their human resources and secure tangible outcomes for their developing youth.

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“…Accordingly, in the behavioral analysis we measured SSD, SSRT and RT for each participant under the battlefield scenario. The preceding neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that more activated brain regions of response inhibition under stop-signal task, such as ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, pre-supplementary motor area, prefrontal cortex, frontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 48 ]. These previous investigations have reported that the frontal cortex is highly related to the human response inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Neural Activities Changes under Human Inhibitory Control Using Translational Scenario

Chikara

2020

Brain Sciences

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This study presents a new approach to exploring human inhibition in a realistic scenario. In previous inhibition studies, the stimulus design of go/no-go task generally used a simple symbol for the go and stop signals. We can understand the neural activity of inhibition through simple symbol scenario. In the real world, situations of human inhibition are more complex than performing an experiment in the laboratory scale. How to explore the neural activities of inhibition in a realistic environment is more complex. Consequently, we designed a battlefield scenario to investigate the neural activities of inhibition in a more realistic environmental setting. The battlefield scenario provides stronger emotion, motivation and real-world experiences for participants during inhibition. In the battlefield scenario, the signs of fixation, go and stop were replaced by images of a sniper scope, a target and a non-target. The battlefield scenario is a shooting game between the enemy and the soldiers. In battlefield scenario participants played the role of the soldiers for shooting target and to stop shooting when a non-target appeared. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals from twenty participants were acquired and analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and dipole source localization method. The results of event-related potential (ERP) showed a significant modulation of the peaks N1, N2 and P3 in the frontal and cingulate cortices under inhibitory control. The partially overlapping ERP N2 and P3 waves were associated with inhibition in the frontal cortex. The ERP N2, N1 and P3 waves in the cingulate cortex are related to sustained attention, motivation, emotion and inhibitory control. In addition, the event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) results shows that the powers of the delta and theta bands increased significantly in the frontal and cingulate cortices under human inhibitory control. The EEG-ERP waves and power spectra in the frontal and cingulate cortices were found more increased than in the parietal, occipital, left and right motor cortices after successful stop. These findings provide new insights to understand the global neural activities changes during human inhibitory control with realistic environmental scenario.

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Exploration of Brain Connectivity during Human Inhibitory Control Using Inter-Trial Coherence

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Neural Dynamics of Target Detection via Wireless EEG in Embodied Cognition

Neural Dynamics of Target Detection via Wireless EEG in Embodied Cognition

Parental Education and Youth Inhibitory Control in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Blacks’ Diminished Returns

Global Neural Activities Changes under Human Inhibitory Control Using Translational Scenario

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