Exploration of Cadmium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Bioaccumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Carcinogenic Potential inOreochromis mossambicusL.

Abstract

The field of nanotechnology is rapidly expanding with the advancement of novel nanopesticide and nanofertilizers that have the potential for revolutionizing applications in the agricultural industry. Here, we have done chronic toxicity of cadmium dioxide nanoparticles (CdONPs) on fish Oreochromis mossambicus (O. mossambicus) using oxidative stress and genotoxic biomarkers. In this current study, the value of LC50-96 hr of CdONPs has observed 40 μg/ml for O. mossambicus. The three sublethal concentrations, e.g., 4, 10, and 20 μg/ml were selected based on the LC50 value. The fishes were treated to the above concentration of CdONPs for 21 days and were harvested at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days for evaluation of clastogenicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity of NPs. Generally, significant effects (p<0.01) were observed as a dose and duration of exposure. It was observed that lipid peroxidation (LPO) was increased and glutathione was decreased in both tissues. Micronuclei (MNi) were produced significantly in peripheral blood on 21 days at maximum concentration. A similar trend was seen in the damage of DNA with the same manner in terms of the percentage of tail DNA in the lymphocyte, gills, and kidney cells. This study explored the application oxidative stress, comet assay, and micronucleus assay for in situ aquatic laboratory studies using fish O. mossambicus for screening the ecomutagenic and genotoxic potential of environmental pollutants.

Cytotoxicity of Metal‐Based Nanoparticles: From Mechanisms and Methods of Evaluation to Pathological Manifestations

“…II) MN in erythrocytes of Oreochromis mossambicus at sublethal II (1/4 of LC50–10 µg mL ‐1 ) for 21 d. III)MN in erythrocytes of O. mossambicus at sublethal III (1/2 of LC50–20 µg mL ‐1 ) for 21 d. Reproduced with permission. [ 139 ] Copyright 2020, Hindawi.…”

“…Using the comet and MN assays, Al-Abdan et al investigated the genotoxicity of CdO NPs in aquatic organisms and found that DNA fragments and loose DNA loops migrated toward the anode and formed a comet's tail. [139] Hou et al studied genotoxicity in zebrafish and found that ZnO NPs inhibited the expression of cyclin (Cyc), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), and microchromosome maintenance (MCM); activated the Cyc/CDK complex (CycD/CDK4,6, CycE/CDK2, CycA/CDK2); caused MCM to fail at different stages (G1, M, and G2); and ultimately led to DNA replication disorder. [213] The most serious type of DNA damage is DNA double-strand break, which, if the repair process is ineffective, can cause cell death, chromosome translocation, or loss of genetic information.…”