Exploration of computational approaches to predict the structural features and recent trends in α‐amylase production for industrial applications

Abstract

Amylases are biologically active enzymes that can hydrolyze starch to produce dextrin, glucose, maltose, and oligosaccharides. The amylases contribute approximately 30% to the global industrial enzyme market. The globally produced amylases are widely used in textile, biofuel, starch processing, food, bioremediation of environmental pollutants, pulp, and paper, clinical, and fermentation industries. The purpose of this review article is to summarize recent trends and aspects of α-amylases, classification, microbial production sources, biosynthesis and production methods, and its broad-spectrum applications for industrial purposes, which will depict the latest trends in α-amylases production. In the present article, we have comprehensively compared the biodiversity of α-amylases in different model organisms ranging from archaea to eukaryotes using in silico structural analysis tools. The detailed comparative analysis: regarding their structure, function, cofactor, signal peptide, and catalytic domain along with their catalytic residues of α-amylases in 16 model organisms were discussed in this paper. The comparative studies on alpha (α) amylases' secondary and tertiary structures, multiple sequence alignment, transmembrane helices, physiochemical properties, and their phylogenetic analysis in model organisms were briefly studied. This review has documented the recent trends and future perspectives of industrially important novel thermophilic α-amylases. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the current understanding and prospects of α-amylase research, highlighting its importance as a versatile enzyme with numerous applications and emphasizing the need for further exploration and innovation in this field.

Bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from semidesert candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphiliticaZucc): Potential for extracellular enzyme production

“…Amylases ( EC 3.2.1.2) catalyze the hydrolysis of internal α‐1,4‐glycosidic bonds of starch, resulting in low‐molecular‐weight products such as glucose and maltose [62]. Amylases of microbial origin are the most studied ones and are used in the textile, paper, fermentation, detergent, and food industries [61].…”

“…Amylases of microbial origin are the most studied ones and are used in the textile, paper, fermentation, detergent, and food industries [61]. Fungal amylases present advantages against bacterial ones as they are more stable on an industrial scale, are secreted extracellularly, and have simple processing requirements, fungal sources for amylase production have been found to be mainly to Aspergillus and Penicillium [62]. In addition, using agricultural residues rich in total carbohydrates allows the production of enzymes such as amylases [63].…”