Exploration of in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum

Abstract

Fungal endophytes have established new paradigms in the area of biomedicine due to their ability to produce metabolites of pharmacological importance. The present study reports the in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Penicillium oxalicum and their chemical profiling through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis. Treatment of the EA extract of P. oxalicum to the selected human breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7) leads to the reduced glucose uptake and increased nitric oxide production suggesting the cytotoxic activity of EA extract of P. oxalicum. Our results further show that treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum attenuates the colony number, cell migration ability and alters nuclear morphology in both the human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum mediates apoptosis by increasing the expression of BAX, P21, FADD, and CASPASE‐8 genes, with increased Caspase‐3 activity. Additionally, in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum leads to antiangiogenic activity with perturbed formation of blood vessels. Overall, our findings suggest that the EA extract of P. oxalicum show in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cell lines, and in ovo antiangiogenic activity in CAM model.

Exploring the Protective Effect against 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-Induced Breast Tumors of Palmitoylethanolamide

“…Apoptosis represents a process of programmed cell death that can be activated in response to intracellular (intrinsic apoptosis) or extracellular (extrinsic apoptosis) signaling molecules . The biochemical hallmarks of this intricate cellular phenomenon encompass loss of cellular and nuclear integrity, alteration in metabolic activity and oxidative molecules, DNA fragmentation, differential expression of apoptosis-inducing genes and proteins, and the formation of entities known as apoptotic bodies. − BAX , a noteworthy pro-apoptotic gene, instigates the initiation of programmed cell death by initiating the release of Cyt-c from mitochondria. The antiapoptotic BCL-XL gene, which plays a crucial role within the BCL-2 family, hinders apoptosis by preventing the release of Cyt-c.…”