Exploration of novel <i>opaque16</i> mutation as a source for high lysine and tryptophan in maize endosperm

Sarika, Konsam; Hossain, Firoz; Muthusamy, Vignesh; Baveja, Aanchal; Zunjare, Rajkumar U.; Goswami, Rajat; Thirunavukkarasu, Nepolean; Saha, Supradip; Gupta, H. S.

doi:10.5958/0975-6906.2017.00008.6

Cited by 30 publications

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“…Besides, it is also involved in regulation of various lysine-rich proteins and enzymes (Jia et al, 2013 ). The variation of lysine and tryptophan observed in the o2 -based introgressed progenies is due to various modifier loci including opaque16 that affect regulation of amino acid biosynthesis (Wu et al, 2002 ; Yang et al, 2005 ; Pandey et al, 2015 ; Sarika et al, 2017 ). Similarly, the variation for lysine and tryptophan among o2 -introgressed progenies was also observed by Gupta et al ( 2013 ) and Hossain et al ( 2017 ) in their MABB programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Biofortified Maize Hybrids through Marker-Assisted Stacking of β-Carotene Hydroxylase, Lycopene-ε-Cyclase and Opaque2 Genes

et al. 2018

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Traditional yellow maize though contains high kernel carotenoids, the concentration of provitamin A (proA) is quite low (<2 μg/g), compared to recommended level (15 μg/g). It also possesses poor endosperm protein quality due to low concentration of lysine and tryptophan. Natural variant of crtRB1 (β-carotene hydroxylase) and lcyE (lycopene-ε-cyclase) cause significant enhancement of proA concentration, while recessive allele, opaque2 (o2) enhances the level of these amino acids. Development of biofortified maize enriched in proA, lysine and tryptophan thus holds significance in alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition. In the present study, marker-assisted stacking of crtRB1, lcyE and o2 was undertaken in the genetic background of four maize hybrids (HQPM1, HQPM4, HQPM5, and HQPM7) popularly grown in India. HP704-22 and HP704-23 were used as donors, while four elite QPM parents viz., HKI161, HKI163, HKI193-1, and HKI193-2 were used as recipients. CrtRB1 showed severe segregation distortion, while lcyE segregated as per the expectation. Recovery of recurrent parent genome (RPG) among selected backcross progenies ranged from 89 to 93%. Introgressed progenies possessed high concentration of proA (7.38–13.59 μg/g), compared to 1.65–2.04 μg/g in the recurrent parents. The reconstituted hybrids showed an average of 4.5-fold increase in proA with a range of 9.25–12.88 μg/g, compared to original hybrids (2.14–2.48 μg/g). Similar plant-, ear-, and grain- characteristics of improved versions of both inbreds and hybrids were observed when evaluated with their respective original versions. Mean lysine (0.334%) and tryptophan (0.080%) of the improved hybrids were at par with the original versions (lysine: 0.340%, tryptophan: 0.083%). Improved hybrids also possessed similar grain yield potential (6,301–8,545 kg/ha) with their original versions (6,135–8,479 kg/ha) evaluated at two locations. This is the first study of staking crtRB1-, lcyE-, and o2-, favorable alleles in single genetic background. The improved inbreds can be effectively used as potential donor for independent and/or simultaneous introgression of crtRB1, lcyE, and o2 in the future breeding programme. These biofortified maize hybrids, rich in proA, lysine and tryptophan will hold great promise for nutritional security.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protocol standardized by Sarika et al ( 2017 ) was followed to estimate lysine and tryptophan content of maize endosperm. Amino acids were estimated by using Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system (Thermo Scientific, Massachusetts, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Biofortified Maize Hybrids through Marker-Assisted Stacking of β-Carotene Hydroxylase, Lycopene-ε-Cyclase and Opaque2 Genes

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“…The novel high lysine and tryptophan mutant o16 thus possessed no adverse effect on the endosperm modification. The recessive o16 alone improves the nutritional quality of maize and can be utilized as effectively as o2 [ 15 ]. Thus, it holds a significant promise in quality breeding programme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The locus o16 in o2o2 genetic background increases lysine by ~30% over o2o2 or o16o16 alone. In our earlier studies, genotype with o16o16 possessed nearly on average two-fold more lysine (0.247%) and tryptophan (0.072%) compared to normal maize (0.125% lysine and 0.035% tryptophan)[ 15 ]. The effect of o16 on higher accumulation of lysine was also reported by Zhang et al[ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opaque16, a high lysine and tryptophan mutant, does not influence the key physico-biochemical characteristics in maize kernel

et al. 2018

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The enhancement of lysine and tryptophan in maize is so far basedon opaque2(o2) mutant, that along with the endosperm-modifiersled to development of Quality Protein Maize[QPM]. Though many mutants improving the endospermic protein quality were discovered, they could not be successfully deployed. Recently discovered opaque16 (o16)mutant enhances the lysine and tryptophan content in maize endosperm. In the present study, the influence of o16 on the endosperm modification was analyzed in four F2 populations, two each segregating for o16 allele alone and in combination with o2. The recessive o16o16 seed endosperm was found to be vitreousphenotypically similar to wild-O16O16. The mutant did not influence the degree of kernel opaqueness in o2o2 genetic background as opaqueness in o2o2/O16O16 and o2o2/o16o16 was similar. Grain hardness of o16o16 was comparable with the normal and QPM maize. The pattern of microscopic organization of proteinaceous matrix and starch granules, and zein profiling of the storage protein in o16o16 were found to be similar with normal maize endosperm, but distinct from the o2o2-soft genotype. The pattern in o2o2/o16o16 was unique and different from o2o2 and o16o16 as well. Here we demonstrated the effects of o16 on physico-biochemical characteristics of endosperm and report of o16 possessing negligible influence on kernel modification and hardness, which holds a great significance in maize quality breeding programme.

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“…o2o2/o16o16 was reported to increase lysine by 30% over o2o2 or o16o16 alone (Yang et al, 2005). Sarika et al (2017) studied two F 2 populations derived by crossing wild type (CML533 and CML537) and o16-donor line (QCL3024). Genotypes with o16o16 possessed on average nearly two-fold more lysine (0.247% in flour) and tryptophan (0.072% in flour) compared to normal maize (lysine 0.125% and tryptophan 0.035%, in flour), although the wide variation for the two traits across populations (lysine: 0.111-0.376% in flour; tryptophan: 0.027-0.117% in flour) suggested the possible influence of modifier loci.…”

Section: Quality Protein Maize Genetics and Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Breeding for Nutritionally Enriched Maize: Status and Prospects

et al. 2020

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Maize is a major source of food security and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Latin America, and the Caribbean, and is among the top three cereal crops in Asia. Yet, maize is deficient in certain essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Biofortified maize cultivars enriched with essential minerals and vitamins could be particularly impactful in rural areas with limited access to diversified diet, dietary supplements, and fortified foods. Significant progress has been made in developing, testing, and deploying maize cultivars biofortified with quality protein maize (QPM), provitamin A, and kernel zinc. In this review, we outline the status and prospects of developing nutritionally enriched maize by successfully harnessing conventional and molecular marker-assisted breeding, highlighting the need for intensification of efforts to create greater impacts on malnutrition in maize-consuming populations, especially in the low-and middle-income countries. Molecular marker-assisted selection methods are particularly useful for improving nutritional traits since conventional breeding methods are relatively constrained by the cost and throughput of nutritional trait phenotyping.

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Exploration of novel opaque16 mutation as a source for high lysine and tryptophan in maize endosperm

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Development of Biofortified Maize Hybrids through Marker-Assisted Stacking of β-Carotene Hydroxylase, Lycopene-ε-Cyclase and Opaque2 Genes

Development of Biofortified Maize Hybrids through Marker-Assisted Stacking of β-Carotene Hydroxylase, Lycopene-ε-Cyclase and Opaque2 Genes

Opaque16, a high lysine and tryptophan mutant, does not influence the key physico-biochemical characteristics in maize kernel

Molecular Breeding for Nutritionally Enriched Maize: Status and Prospects

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