Exploration of quantum correlations in an open system with Unruh effect under a Schwarzschild space-time

Abstract

In this letter, we investigate quantum correlations (quantum discord, concurrence and Bell nonlocality) in an open system (amplitude damping channel) with the Unruh effect under a Schwarzschild space-time. In an amplitude damping (AD) channel, we can discover that the Hawking-Unruh effects and decoherence will influence these quantum correlations. However, quantum correlations always decrease with increasing the AD decoherence strength, irrespective of whether there are Hawking-Unruh effects. The results also indicate that the impact of the AD decoherence on quantum correlations is stronger than that of the Hawking-Unruh effects. Besides, we find that if concurrence is present, Bell nonlocality may disappear. This means that the Bell nonlocal states are a strict subset of the entangled states. Furthermore, the redistributions of quantum correlations are discussed in detail under a Schwarzschild space-time. The results show that the reduced physically accessible quantum correlations can be redistributed to the physically inaccessible regions.

Quantum nonlocality phenomena in scalar and Dirac fields near a Schwarzschild black hole

“…Introducing the generalized lightlike Kruskal coordinates [24][25][26] (12) and recognizing the proximity to the event horizon…”

“…Utilizing equations ( 10) and ( 15), one can derive the Bogoliubov transformations [25,26] for the particle creation and annihilation operators in both the black hole and Kruskal spacetime…”

Quantumness near a Schwarzschild black hole

“…Studying the combined effects of Hawking radiation and decoherence requires a deep understanding of both quantum field theory and quantum information theory, as well as a grasp of the underlying principles of black holes and gravity. While some theoretical progress has been made in exploring these interactions [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] and the quantumness of various systems [50][51][52][53], many aspects are still the subject of ongoing research and debate. With this in mind, we are motivated to explore the quantumness (quantum correlations, quantum coherence, and non-locality) of a physical system consisting of two qubits in the background of the Schwarzschild black hole under the influence of both the decoherence effect and Hawking radiation.…”