Exploration of the effects of altitude change on bacteria and fungi in the rumen of yak (Bos grunniens)

Wu, Dongwang; Vinitchaikul, Paramintra; Deng, Mingyue; Zhang, Guangrong; Sun, Lei; Wang, Hanxue; Gou, Xin; Mao, Huaming; Yang, Shuli

doi:10.1007/s00203-020-02072-x

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Using metagenomic sequencing, Zhang et al (2016) showed co‐enrichment for VFA‐producing pathways among microbial genes in yak rumen, suggesting the co‐evolution of rumen microbiota for to facilitate efficient energy utilization by their host. Recent studies have also suggested that both environmental and host factors, such as altitude and growth performance, could influence microbial diversity in yak rumen (Fan et al, 2020; Ma et al, 2020; Wu et al, 2021). However, seasonal variations in microbial composition in the yak rumen remain poorly characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in rumen microbial community composition in yak in response to seasonal variations

Huang

Denman

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims Yak is a dominant ruminant, well adapted to grazing on pasture year around in the harsh climate of the 3000‐meter‐high Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. The complex microbial community that resides within the yak rumen is responsible for fermentation and contributes to its climatic adaptation. This study aimed to characterize the rumen microbiota responses to wide seasonal variations, especially those necessary for survival in the cold seasons. Methods and Results In the present study, we performed 16s rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the seasonal variations in microbiota composition, diversity and associated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in yak rumen. The results showed that rumen microbiota were dominated by Bacteroides (72.13%–78.54%) and Firmicutes; the relative abundance of Firmicutes was higher in summer (17.44%) than in winter (10.67%; p < 0.05). The distribution of taxa differed among spring, summer and winter rumen communities (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001), whereas other taxa (e.g., Fibrobacter, Verrucomicrobia, Anaerostipes and Paludibacter), which could potentially help overcome harsh climate conditions were observed in higher abundance during the cold spring and winter seasons. The highest total VFA concentration in the yak rumen was obtained in summer (p < 0.05), followed by spring and winter, and both positive and negative correlations between VFAs and specific genera were revealed. Conclusions Microbiota in yak rumen appear to be highly responsive to seasonal variations. Considering environmental factors, we suggest that seasonal adaptation by microbial communities in rumen enables their hosts to survive seasonal scarcity and cold stress in the spring and winter. Significance and Impact of Study The present study furthers our understanding of how microbial adaptation to seasonal variations in nutrient availability and climate may function in high plateau ruminants, providing insights into the tripartite relationship between the environment, host and microbiota.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in rumen microbial community composition in yak in response to seasonal variations

Huang

Denman

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…The effect of diet structure on the rumen microbiota of yaks has become a new hot topic in recent years. At present, many studies have investigated the rumen microbes of yaks ( Fan et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2021 ). For example, Ahmad et al (2020) investigated the effect of different dietary energy levels on the rumen microbiota of yaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary forage to concentrate ratios impact on yak ruminal microbiota and metabolites

et al. 2022

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To improve the rumen fermentation function and growth performance of yaks (Bos grunniens), better understanding of the effect of different dietary forage to concentrate ratios on rumen microbiota and metabolites is needed. In the present study, three diets with different dietary forage to concentrate ratios (50:50, 65:35, and 80:20) were fed to 36 housed male yaks. The changes in the distribution of rumen microorganisms and metabolites and the interactions between them were studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The diversity and richness of microorganisms in the rumen varied according to diet. The most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Firmicutes was the most abundant in the C50 group, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in the C65 group than in the C80 group (p < 0.05). The Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Methanobrevibacter had the highest relative abundances at the genus level. Among them, Christensenellace_R-7_group had the highest relative abundance in the C50 group. The Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was significantly abundant in the C80 group compared with the C50 group. The Methanobrevibacter content was higher in the C65 group than in the other two groups. Both the concentration and metabolic pathways of rumen metabolites were influenced by the dietary concentrate ratio; lipids, lipid-like molecules, organic acid metabolites, and organic oxide-related metabolites differed between the groups. Significant changes were found for six metabolic pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; glycerophospholipid metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism; and nitrogen metabolism.

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“…At the same time, rumen microbiota and VFAs are the main factors explaining different feed efficiencies among individual cattle (Liang et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2018;. Although Wu et al (2021) found that altitude affected the composition of rumen microbiota in yaks, it remains to be determined how microbiota and VFAs vary under extreme conditions (>3,000 m altitude).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota of Yaks From Different Altitude Regions in Tibet, China

et al. 2022

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Rumen microbiota are closely linked to feed utilization and environmental adaptability of ruminants. At present, little is known about the influence of different extreme environments on the rumen microbiota of yaks. In this study, 30 ruminal fluid samples from 30 healthy female yaks (average 280 kg of BW) in 5–8 years of life were collected from three regions in Tibet, China, and compared by gas chromatography and high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that propionic acid, butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acids were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, while microbial abundance and diversity were significantly (p < 0.05) lower, in the Nagqu (4,500 m altitude) compared with the Xigatse (4,800 m altitude) and Lhasa (3,800 m altitude) regions. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in rumen microbial composition of yaks from different regions. Specifically, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LDA > 3) as being the signature phyla for Xigatse and Nagqu regions, respectively. In addition, the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Quinella, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Papillibacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 correlated with altitude and rumen fermentation parameters (p < 0.05). Finally, the predicted function of rumen microbiota was found to differ between regions (p < 0.05). In summary, our results reveal that regions located at different altitudes influence microbiota composition and fermentation function of yaks’ rumen. The present findings can provide mechanistic insights on yak adaptation to high altitudes and improve the feeding efficiency of these animals in extreme regions.

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Exploration of the effects of altitude change on bacteria and fungi in the rumen of yak (Bos grunniens)

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Changes in rumen microbial community composition in yak in response to seasonal variations

Changes in rumen microbial community composition in yak in response to seasonal variations

Dietary forage to concentrate ratios impact on yak ruminal microbiota and metabolites

Comparison of Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota of Yaks From Different Altitude Regions in Tibet, China

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