In recent years, the education and teaching work in vocational colleges in China has gradually moved towards diversification, comprehensiveness, and socialization. The educational goal of higher vocational education has expanded from a single vocational skill training in the past to a comprehensive training of "three comprehensive education". How to integrate ideological and political education into professional education and strengthen the cultivation of students' ideological and moral qualities has become one of the hotspots of educational reform in vocational colleges. The major of urban rail transit operation and management cultivates high-quality and highly skilled rail transit operation and management talents, which is one of the important directions of vocational education in the new era. Therefore, this major has begun to explore the integration of ideological and political education with curriculum teaching, and to construct a "curriculum ideological and political" system to better promote the comprehensive development of students' ideological and moral character. This article takes the major of urban rail transit operation and management as an example, combined with the concept of "three comprehensive education", to study and explore how to construct an effective "curriculum ideological and political" system, in order to achieve the goal of cultivating students' ideological and moral qualities in a comprehensive and multi-level manner.