Exploration on synthesis of activated carbon supported molybdenum carbide, nitride and phosphide via carbothermal reduction route

Yao, Zhiwei

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.07.130

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Catalyst Synthesis and Characterization. The NiP, MoP, WP, NiMoP, and NiWP supported on AC catalysts were prepared according to a procedure reported in the literature 53,56,57 and involves a wet impregnation procedure with (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 as the phosphide source. The molar ratio of metal to P was in all cases set to 1:2.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NiP, MoP, WP, NiMoP, and NiWP supported on AC catalysts were prepared according to a literature procedure. ,, The monometallic Ni–P catalysts with 2.5 wt % of Ni and 2.6 wt % of P was prepared as follows: Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O (0.61 g) was dissolved in deionized water (10 mL). (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 (0.55 g) dissolved in deionized water (10 mL) was added to the nickel nitrate solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrotreatment of Kraft Lignin to Alkylphenolics and Aromatics Using Ni, Mo, and W Phosphides Supported on Activated Carbon

Chowdari

Agarwal

Heeres

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The conversion of lignin to biofuels and biobased chemicals is currently attracting a lot of attention. We here report on the valorization of Kraft lignin by a catalytic hydrotreatment using Ni, Mo, and W phosphide catalysts supported on activated carbon in the absence of an external solvent. Experiments were carried out in a batch setup in the temperature range of 400–500 °C and 100 bar initial H2 pressure. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The lignin oils were analyzed extensively by different techniques such as GPC, GC-MS-FID, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-FID) was applied to identify and quantify distinct groups of compounds (aromatics, alkylphenolics, alkanes, etc.). Mo-based catalysts displayed higher activity compared to the W-containing catalysts. The reaction parameters such as the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were studied for two catalysts (15MoP/AC and 20NiMoP/AC), and optimized reaction conditions regarding yields of monomeric components were identified (400 °C, 100 bar H2 at RT, 10 wt % catalyst loading on lignin intake). The highest monomer yield (45.7 wt % on lignin) was obtained for the 20NiMoP/AC (Ni 5.6 wt %, Mo 9.1 wt %, P 5.9 wt %) catalyst, which includes 25% alkylphenolics, 8.7% aromatics, and 9.9% alkanes. Our results clearly reveal that the phosphide catalysts are highly efficient catalyst to depolymerize the Kraft lignin to valuable biobased chemicals and outperform sulfided NiMo catalysts (monomer yield on lignin < 30 wt %).

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrotreatment of Kraft Lignin to Alkylphenolics and Aromatics Using Ni, Mo, and W Phosphides Supported on Activated Carbon

Chowdari

Agarwal

Heeres

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Another approach that has been extensively used in the synthesis of metal phosphides is the phosphidation of metal oxides, hydroxides, or other precursors by highly active phosphorus species. The phosphidation can be obtained either through direct exposure to phosphine gas or by exposure to related compounds generated in situ through the reduction of phosphate salts by hydrogen or carbon . For instance, several phosphide phases, such as Ni 2 P, CoP, and FeP, can be readily obtained by the temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) of the corresponding metal phosphate. , In a representative TPR synthesis of CoP, a stoichiometric mixture of cobalt nitrate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate is calcined in air at 500 °C for approximately 6 h to produce a cobalt phosphate precursor, which is subsequently reduced by heating to 1000 °C for 2 h in a H 2 -containing atmosphere.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Metal Phosphidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Metal Phosphide Catalysts for the Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction

et al. 2016

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Hydrogen gas obtained by the electrolysis of water has long been proposed as a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Noble metals such as Pt are capable of splitting water at low overpotentials, but the implementation of inexpensive solar-driven water-splitting systems and electrolyzers could benefit from the development of robust, efficient, and abundant alternatives to noble metal catalysts. Transition metal phosphides (M x P y ) have recently been identified as a promising family of Earth abundant electrocatalysts for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) and are capable of operating with low overpotentials at operationally relevant current densities while exhibiting stability under strongly acidic conditions. In this review, we highlight the progress that has been made in this field and provide insights into the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical behavior of transition metal phosphides as HER electrocatalysts. We also discuss strategies for the incorporation of metal phosphides into integrated solar-driven water-splitting systems and highlight key considerations involved in the testing and benchmarking of such devices.

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“…According to the literature [22,35,36,44,45,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69], the main precursor for the synthesis of supported molybdenum catalysts with the nitride or carbide active phases is considered to be AHM (MoO 3 ), and less often the mixture of HMT with AHM, while the preparation of supported catalysts by the impregnation of the HMT-AHM complex is not practically used. AHM impregnated supports are initially calcined in the air to form MoO 3 on the surface of the support.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Role of Precursor Nature in Phase Composition of Supported Molybdenum Carbides and Nitrides

et al. 2019

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In this work, we studied the effect of molybdenum precursors and the synthesis conditions on the final phase composition of bulk and supported molybdenum carbides and nitrides. Ammonium heptamolybdate, its mixture with hexamethylenetetramine, and their complex were used as the precursors at different temperatures. It was investigated that the synthesis of the target molybdenum nitrides strongly depended on the structure of the precursor and temperature conditions, while the synthesis of carbide samples always led to the target phase composition. Unlike the carbide samples, where the α-Mo2C phase was predominant, the mixture of β-Mo2N, MoO2 with a small amount of metal molybdenum was generally formed during the nitridation. All supported samples showed a very good dispersion of the carbide or nitride phases.

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Exploration on synthesis of activated carbon supported molybdenum carbide, nitride and phosphide via carbothermal reduction route

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Hydrotreatment of Kraft Lignin to Alkylphenolics and Aromatics Using Ni, Mo, and W Phosphides Supported on Activated Carbon

Hydrotreatment of Kraft Lignin to Alkylphenolics and Aromatics Using Ni, Mo, and W Phosphides Supported on Activated Carbon

Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Metal Phosphide Catalysts for the Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction

Key Role of Precursor Nature in Phase Composition of Supported Molybdenum Carbides and Nitrides

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