Exploring a three-dimensional analysis method to occlusion plane determination: A retrospective study

Abstract

Background The available literature lacks comprehensive guidance on constructing the occlusal plane within the broader facial and skeletal context. This study aims to accurately determine the occlusal plane (OP) within the normal population through three-dimensional data analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and specific feature points alignment. Material and methods One hundred patients underwent both clinical evaluation and CBCT imaging examination. A digital model was constructed based on the imaging data, delineating a virtual occlusal plane (V-OP), a virtual Frankfort plane (V-FP), and a virtual plane formed by two camper lines (V-CL) using specific feature points. Two angles, formed by V-OP and V-FP, as well as V-OP and V-CL, were computed using the angle measurement function in Geomagic Control X. The angular relationship between V-OP and the angular bisector plane (ABP) of V-FP and V-CL was determined through calculations using the aforementioned data. Ordinary two-way ANOVA with post hoc Sidak’s multiple comparisons was performed (p < 0.05). Results The mean ± standard deviation of the angle between V-FP and V-OP is 8.94° ± 4.22°, and it is 4.82° ± 3.07° between V-CL and V-OP. In comparison, the mean ± standard deviation of the angle between ABP and the occlusal plane was 3.12° ± 1.78°, lower than that of the former two groups. Conclusions The ABP and OP are nearly parallel, suggesting stability across different patients, making it a reliable reference for digital dental alignment. Trial registration This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as “Exploring the Method of Determining the Occlusion Plane in 3D Data Analysis: A Retrospective Study” (No. ChiCTR2300077289) on November 3rd, 2023 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.html?regno=ChiCTR2300077289).