“…Depending on the hardware design, modular robots are classified into two types: lattice-type such as 3D Fracta [16], Molecule [17], ICubes [18], ATRON [19] and Molecube [20], Catoms [21] etc, and chain-type such as PolyBot [1], Conro [2], M-TRAN [3], Superbot [4], CkBot [5], YaMoR [6] etc. Compared with the lattice-type robot that moves by a series of reconfiguration, the chain-type robot moves using the joint motors in the modules, which is more efficient in speed and flexibility.…”