Exploring Alternate Processes Contributing to the Association Between Maternal Smoking and the Smoking Behavior Among Young Adult Offspring

Selya, Arielle; Wakschlag, Lauren S.; Dierker, Lisa; Rose, Jennifer; Hedeker, Donald; Mermelstein, Robin J.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt072

Cited by 11 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This difference in how long nicotine dependence predicts smoking frequency highlights the importance of early-emerging nicotine dependence symptoms in the etiology of regular smoking behavior: despite lower average nicotine dependence in the group of experimenters, those who reported nicotine-dependence symptoms at this very early stage of smoking were at high risk for more regular smoking in the future, even after conservatively accounting for concurrent smoking heaviness. For light smokers, who had already smoked more than 100 cigarettes at baseline, the weaker ability of nicotine dependence to predict smoking behavior into the future is consistent with previous findings of this sample that prior smoking behavior is the best predictor of future smoking behavior (Selya, Dierker, Rose, Hedeker, & Mermelstein, 2012; Selya et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…That is, the relationship between nicotine dependence and smoking frequency may be moderated by the stage of smoking, and not strictly time or age per se , with nicotine dependence being most predictive of long-term future smoking behavior when assessed early among very novice smokers. Once regular smoking patterns are established, however, prior smoking behavior becomes such a strong predictor of future smoking behavior (Selya, Dierker, Rose, Hedeker, & Mermelstein, 2012; Selya et al, 2013) that nicotine dependence becomes a weak or insignificant predictor. Early-emerging nicotine dependence assessed from novice smokers, then, may provide a special insight into one's initial sensitivity or susceptibility to nicotine dependence, while nicotine dependence assessed from more experienced smokers is likely to be conflated with the subsequent effects of smoking on nicotine dependence (Hu, Griesler, Wall, & Kandel, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time-varying effect models were used to examine the relationship between early-emerging nicotine dependence (assessed at approximately age 15 ±2 years) and past-month smoking frequency into young adulthood (approximately age 22 ±2 years), continuously across the age range. Race and gender were examined as potential moderators, as well as smoking history at baseline (<100 vs. 100+ cigarettes/lifetime), based on previous findings that the predictors (Selya, Dierker, Rose, Hedeker, & Mermelstein, 2012; Selya et al, 2013) and the time-varying correlates of smoking behavior (Selya, Dierker, Rose, Hedeker, Tan, et al, 2012) can differ across groups with different levels of prior smoking experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Emerging Nicotine Dependence Has Lasting and Time-Varying Effects on Adolescent Smoking Behavior

et al. 2016

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Background Novice and light adolescent smokers can develop symptoms of nicotine dependence, which predicts smoking behavior several years into the future. However, little is known about how the association between these early emerging symptoms and later smoker behaviors may change across time from early adolescence into young adulthood. Methods Data were drawn from a 7-year longitudinal study of experimental (<100 cigarettes/lifetime; N=594) and light (100+ cigarettes/lifetime, but ≤5 cigarettes/day; N=152) adolescent smokers. Time-varying effect models were used to examine the relationship between baseline nicotine dependence (assessed at age 15 ±2 years) and future smoking frequency through age 24, after controlling for concurrent smoking heaviness. Baseline smoking status, race, and sex were examined as potential moderators of this relationship. Results Nicotine dependence symptoms assessed at approximately age 15 significantly predicted smoking frequency through age 24, over and above concurrent smoking heaviness, though it showed declining trends at older ages. Predictive validity was weaker among experimenters at young ages (<16), but stronger at older ages (20-23), relative to light smokers. Additionally, nicotine dependence was a stronger predictor of smoking frequency for White smokers around baseline (ages 14.5-16), relative to non-White smokers. Conclusions Nicotine dependence assessed in mid-adolescence predicts smoking frequency well into early adulthood, over and above concurrent smoking heaviness, especially among novice smokers and non-White smokers. Early-emerging nicotine dependence is a promising marker for screening and interventions aimed at preventing smoking progression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Emerging Nicotine Dependence Has Lasting and Time-Varying Effects on Adolescent Smoking Behavior

et al. 2016

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“…Second, measures of postnatal environment are lacking, particularly exposure to secondhand smoke, which was not assessed in CPP. Although CPP mothers who smoked during pregnancy likely continued to smoke postpartum, several prior studies of MSDP and offspring smoking/ND have shown associations to be robust to control for postnatal secondhand smoke exposure (14–17) and parental lifetime smoking status (111). Additional postnatal environmental factors (e.g., maternal care, parental sensitivity) have also been shown to mitigate effects of prenatal adversity (112–114).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Glucocorticoids and Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Independently Program Adult Nicotine Dependence in Daughters: A 40-Year Prospective Study

Stroud¹,

Papandonatos²,

Shenassa³

et al. 2014

Biological Psychiatry

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Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is an independent risk factor for offspring nicotine dependence (ND), but mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated prenatal glucocorticoid (cortisol) and androgen (testosterone) associations with offspring ND over 40 years, and the possibility that prenatal glucocorticoids and androgens would mediate links between MSDP and offspring ND. Methods Participants were 1,086 mother-adult offspring pairs (59% female) from the New England Family Study, a 40-year longitudinal follow up of the Collaborative Perinatal Project. MSDP was assessed prospectively at each prenatal visit. Maternal cortisol, testosterone, and cotinine (nicotine metabolite), were assayed from third trimester maternal sera. Offspring lifetime ND was assessed via structured interview. Results Significant bivariate associations emerged for: a) MSDP/cotinine and lifetime ND, and b) maternal cortisol and lifetime ND, for daughters only. In multivariate models, maternal cortisol and MSDP/cotinine remained significantly and independently associated with increased odds of daughters’ lifetime ND. However, cortisol did not mediate the MSDP-lifetime ND relation. No associations emerged between maternal testosterone and offspring ND. Conclusions Results provide the first evidence in support of prenatal glucocorticoid programming of adult ND over 40 years in daughters only. Our study highlights two independent prenatal pathways leading to increased risk for ND in daughters: elevated prenatal glucocorticoids and MSDP/nicotine exposure. Daughter-specific effects of glucocorticoid and MSDP programming over 40 years highlight the breadth and persistence of sexually dimorphic programming effects in humans. Results do not support androgen programming of offspring ND.

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“…47 Frequency of smoking is found to be a better predictor of the progression to regular smoking than ND for adolescents who are newer to smoking. 48 Defining smoking more broadly may therefore increase sensitivity to detect differences between treated and untreated youth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stimulant Treatment of ADHD and Cigarette Smoking: A Meta-Analysis

2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Individuals with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a significantly higher risk of cigarette smoking. The nature of the relationship between smoking and psychostimulant medications commonly used to treat ADHD is controversial. Our objective was to examine the relationship between stimulant treatment of ADHD and cigarette smoking by using meta-analysis, and to identify study and sample characteristics that moderate this relationship. METHODS:Literature searches on PubMed and PsycInfo databases identified published studies for inclusion. Included studies compared cigarette smoking outcomes for stimulant-treated and untreated ADHD individuals. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria, and 14 (total n = 2360) contained sufficient statistical information for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Two authors extracted odds ratios or frequencies of smokers in the treatment or nontreatment groups, and coded study characteristics including sample source, percentage of male participants, follow-up length, treatment consistency, type of smoking measure, prospective study, and controlling for comorbidities. RESULTS:Meta-analysis revealed a significant association between stimulant treatment and lower smoking rates. Meta-regression indicated that effect sizes were larger for studies that used clinical samples, included more women, measured smoking in adolescence rather than adulthood, conceptualized stimulant treatment as consistent over time, and accounted for comorbid conduct disorder. CONCLUSIONS:Nearly all studies were naturalistic, precluding causal inferences. Available data were insufficient to examine additional influences of patient demographics, treatment effectiveness, or other comorbidities. Consistent stimulant treatment of ADHD may reduce smoking risk; the effect was larger in samples with more severe psychopathology. Implications for further research, treatment of ADHD, and smoking prevention are discussed.

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Exploring Alternate Processes Contributing to the Association Between Maternal Smoking and the Smoking Behavior Among Young Adult Offspring

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Early-Emerging Nicotine Dependence Has Lasting and Time-Varying Effects on Adolescent Smoking Behavior

Early-Emerging Nicotine Dependence Has Lasting and Time-Varying Effects on Adolescent Smoking Behavior

Prenatal Glucocorticoids and Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Independently Program Adult Nicotine Dependence in Daughters: A 40-Year Prospective Study

Stimulant Treatment of ADHD and Cigarette Smoking: A Meta-Analysis

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