“…We found 34 eligible clustering studies that were performed between 2012 and 2022, and used varying datatypes, clustering methods, and sample sizes (Table 1 ) [ 10 , 17 – 33 , 34 •, 35 – 38 , 39 •, 40 – 42 , 43 •, 44 – 49 ]. Clustering techniques that were used included hierarchical clustering ( n = 14) [ 10 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 34 •, 36 , 39 •, 40 , 45 , 47 , 49 ], LCA ( n = 10) [ 17 , 21 , 26 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 43 •, 46 , 48 ], PAM ( n = 5) [ 19 , 29 , 30 , 34 •, 38 ], k-means clustering ( n = 5) [ 23 , 34 •, 41 , 42 , 44 ], and model-based clustering ( n = 3) [ 18 , 20 , 34 •]. Dataset sizes ranged from 103 patients to 318,384 patients.…”