Exploring atmospheric stagnation during a severe particulate matter air pollution episode over complex terrain in Santiago, Chile

A, Richard Toro; Kvakić, Marko; Klaić, Zvjezdana Bencetić; Koračin, Darko; S, Raúl G.E. Morales; G, Manuel A. Leiva

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.067

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The city is located in a confined geographical basin surrounded by the Andes cordillera in the east, a coastal range in the west, and transversal mountain chains in the south and north (Rutllant and Garreaud, 1995). The induced poor ventilation in wintertime combined with significant anthropogenic emissions lead to high average levels of PM 2.5 (Barraza et al, 2017;Mazzeo et al, 2018) as well as peak events (Toro A et al, 2018). Hourly surface concentrations can reach up to 600 µg m −3 in the western part of the city according to the local air quality monitoring network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soccer games and record-breaking PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution events in Santiago, Chile

et al. 2020

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Abstract. In wintertime, high concentrations of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are commonly observed in the metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile. Hourly peaks can be very strong, up to 10 times above average levels, but have barely been studied so far. Based on atmospheric composition measurements and chemistry-transport modeling (WRF-CHIMERE), the chemical signature of sporadic skyrocketing wintertime PM2.5 peaks is analyzed. This signature and the timing of such extreme events trace their origin back to massive barbecue cooking by Santiago's inhabitants during international soccer games. The peaks end up evacuated outside Santiago after a few hours but trigger emergency plans for the next day. Decontamination plans in Santiago focus on decreasing emissions from traffic, industry, and residential heating. Thanks to the air quality network of Santiago, this study shows that cultural habits such as barbecue cooking also need to be taken into account. For short-term forecast and emergency management, cultural events such as soccer games seem a good proxy to prognose possible PM2.5 peak events. Not only can this result have an informative value for the Chilean authorities but also a similar methodology could be reproduced for other cases throughout the world in order to estimate the burden on air quality of cultural habits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soccer games and record-breaking PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution events in Santiago, Chile

et al. 2020

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“…All correlation coefficients are statistically significant at higher than the 99% confidence level. Figure 5 and Table 1 indicate different emission regimes in the three periods studied: high ratios to CO 2 in the first period (20-23 Jan), the same CO:CO 2 ratio but lower ratios for the other two gases in the second (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31), and reduced CO:CO 2 ratio but increased N 2 O:CO 2 ratio relative to the previous episode during the last episode (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Several authors have already reported CO:CO 2 and CH 4 :CO 2 ratios from different parts of the world.…”

Section: Correlation Between the Ghg Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of the accumulation may be used to estimate their emission. The cold-air pool episodes and their remarkable effect on the local/regional air quality are widely studied in the geographically exposed regions of the world, especially in the Intermountain West region of the United States (see e.g., [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]).…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scientific literature is rich in indexes for the identification of stagnant weather conditions favorable for the accumulation of air pollutants (see e.g., [31,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57]and references therein). These indexes comprised different meteorological variables to describe the reduced dispersion processes.…”

Section: Selection Of the Cold-air Pool Episodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of greenhouse gas emission factors based on observed covariance of CO2, CH4, N2O and CO mole fractions

2019

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Background: Covariances among major anthropogenic greenhouse gases were studied during three cold-air pool episodes in the Pannonian Basin to better constrain their emission factors for Europe. Results: On the base of observed covariance between carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide atmospheric dry air mole fraction in a region of the Pannonian (Carpathian) Basin during three cold-air pool episodes in January-February 2017, emission factors relative to carbon dioxide were determined. For the determination of the emission of carbon dioxide, a simple boundary-layer budget model was compiled. The model gave 6.3 g m −2 day −1 carbon dioxide emission for the footprint area of the measurements on average for the period of the episodes. The 6.7-13.8 nmol μmol −1 , 0.15-0.31 nmol μmol −1 and 15.0-25.8 nmol μmol −1 ratios for CH 4 :CO 2 , N 2 O:CO 2 and CO:CO 2 , respectively, correspond to 15.3-31.7 mg m −2 day −1 methane, 0.9-2.0 mg m −2 day −1 nitrous oxide and 60.0-103.4 mg m −2 day −1 carbon monoxide emissions for the region. These values are somewhat higher than the officially reported bottom-up annual national averages for Hungary, which are explained by the winter conditions and intensive domestic heating. Conclusions: The study indicated the high share of biomass burning in residential heating in rural environment that results in high carbon monoxide emission relative to that of carbon dioxide. It also indicated that the actual emission factor for nitrous oxide may exceed the range given in the guidelines for inventory compilation, which should be taken into account in reporting. It is shown that even a simple boundary-layer budget model might give realistic emission estimation under cool-air pool episodes.

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“…Weather conditions are considered mainly as a factor contributing to ambient air quality, due to their role in the dispersion, transformation, and removal of atmospheric pollutants from the atmosphere (e.g., Li et al 2015;Deng et al 2019). In urban environments, severe pollution episodes result primarily from unfavorable weather conditions (Seinfeld and Pandis 1998;Prtenjak et al 2009;Toro et al 2019). Precipitation has a great impact on concentrations of particulate matter and it mainly washes out coarse particles while have little effect on Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00816-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wind speed and apartment ventilation on indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Kraków, Poland

Ścibor

Bokwa

Balcerzak

2020

Air Qual Atmos Health

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In the period 2013-2015, PM 2.5 and PM 10 outdoor and indoor concentrations were measured on 23 days in cold half-year periods, in Kraków, Poland. Air pollution is still a serious health hazard for the inhabitants as Kraków is located in a concave landform and smog episodes occur often in the city during the heating periods, due to poor natural ventilation and frequent air temperature inversions. The PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were studied for very good and very poor weather conditions concerning air pollution. Each subgroup was further divided into cases when the apartments' windows were kept open or closed. Daily courses of PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were very dynamic. Weather pattern, in particular wind speed and atmospheric stability, largely determined the concentrations of PM 10 in ambient air. The share of PM 2.5 in PM 10 indoor concentrations reached around 70% for both types of weather conditions. The share of indoor PM 10 and PM 2.5 mean concentrations in the outdoor values was higher during good than during poor weather conditions by about 10%.

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Exploring atmospheric stagnation during a severe particulate matter air pollution episode over complex terrain in Santiago, Chile

Cited by 59 publications

References 49 publications

Soccer games and record-breaking PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution events in Santiago, Chile

Soccer games and record-breaking PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution events in Santiago, Chile

Estimation of greenhouse gas emission factors based on observed covariance of CO2, CH4, N2O and CO mole fractions

Impact of wind speed and apartment ventilation on indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Kraków, Poland

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Exploring atmospheric stagnation during a severe particulate matter air pollution episode over complex terrain in Santiago, Chile

Cited by 59 publications

References 49 publications

Soccer games and record-breaking PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; pollution events in Santiago, Chile

Soccer games and record-breaking PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; pollution events in Santiago, Chile

Estimation of greenhouse gas emission factors based on observed covariance of CO2, CH4, N2O and CO mole fractions

Impact of wind speed and apartment ventilation on indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Kraków, Poland

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Soccer games and record-breaking PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution events in Santiago, Chile

Soccer games and record-breaking PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution events in Santiago, Chile