Exploring background risk factors for fatigue crashes involving truck drivers on regional roadway networks: a case control study in Jiangxi and Shaanxi, China

Abstract

BackgroundFatigue driving is a leading cause of traffic fatalities and injuries in China, especially among heavy truck drivers. The present study tried to examine which and how factors within the human-vehicle-roadway-environment system contribute to the occurrence of crashes involving fatigued truck drivers.FindingsTo reduce such risk on the road, a total of 9168 crashes which occurred in Jiangxi and Shaanxi between 2003 and 2014 were selected to measure the effects of potential factors on fatigue related truck crashes using a case control study. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between crash risk and independent factors, and a stepwise logistic regression model was developed to determine the significant risk factors. According to the data analysis results, driver’s gender, age, driving experience, and overspeeding behavior, vehicle’s commercial status, overloading conditions and brake performance, road’s type, slippery pavement and existence of sharp curve and long steep grade, and time of day, season, weather and visibility conditions, etc. were identified to be significantly associated with fatigue related truck crashes on Jiangxi and Shaanxi highways. Moreover, it is found that (a) in Jiangxi, an employed truck driver has a higher risk of crash involving multi-vehicles or a passenger car at bridge locations, and (b) in Shaanxi, the adult, tunnel location, summer and winter days prohibit statistically significant association with the occurrence of multi-vehicle and single-vehicle run-off-road/rollover crashes.ConclusionsYoung employed male truck drivers with less experience are at high risk, especially while driving across sharp curves, down long steep grades, over bridge or through tunnels, during the midnight period, on rainy, snowy or foggy days in rural areas. All these help recommend potential policy initiatives as well as effective safety promotion strategies at the public health scale for professional truck drivers.

Factors Affecting Personal Customers’ Trust in Traditional Banking: Case of the Baltics

“…In order to describe the created logistic model, the following measures of fit were used (Allison 2014;Awa et al 2016;Chen, Zhang 2016;Chun-Hung 2015;Nagelkerke 1991;Peng et al 2002): , it means that customers do not trust traditional banking, while 1 = Y stands for clients' trust into traditional banking. Respondents' age was marked as categorical variable, which could gain a value of 0 and 1 (0 means that the respondent is 35 years old or under, 1 means that the respondent is above 35).…”

Technical Determinant of Road Accident: A Systematic Review

“…Additionally, it has been recorded that malfunction traffic light did not only cause traffic jam in China, but also increased the accident risk [6]. Likewise, inadequate road network and absence of tunnels and bridges also significantly lead toward the occurrence of road accident [31,32]. Inadequate road network in Sri Lanka to cater the increment of car ownership has caused massive traffic jam in the country, which subsequently led to a higher accident involvement rate [32].…”

“…Thirdly, in terms of road geometric design, most accidents have been reported to occur at curve and narrow roads [6,13,17,21,31,33]. Young drivers were reported to be the most involved in road accident at the curve and narrow roads in several countries like Nigeria, China and the US [21,31,33]. Two studies conducted in Pakistan reported that accident usually occurred at hazardous road sections [26,27].…”

“…It has been further reported that young motorcyclists especially male were those mostly involved in road accident at hazardous road sections in the country. Apart from that, two studies from China reported that accident commonly takes place at steep grades and bottleneck roads [28,31]. Bottleneck road has significantly increased the conflict between vehicles and disrupt the traffic flow, which consequently increased the accident involvement in the country [28].…”

“…From the overall included studies, only six studies discussed on the impact of vehicle faulty towards the occurrence of road accident. From the review, the most significant vehicle faculty that caused accident was break failure [6,21,28,31]. Two studies from China further emphasized that the cause of brake failure was due to the overloading vehicle [6,31].…”