“…LMSs can be used by students to access various educational resources offered by teachers and meanwhile, interact with classmates (Homavazir;Gopal, 2018). In Najran university, Blackboard LMS has been adopted as a platform to manage the educational resources and facilitate synchronous and asynchronous interaction in all courses (Elsayed, 2022). For example, as recommended in a few past studies (Song et al, 2017;Granić;Marangunić, 2019;Byrd, 2014), it offered course content, a synchronous chat room, an asynchronous forum, blogs, online tests, grade displays, notifications, alerts, calendars, and various multimedia files, like images, music, sound, animations, and video clip.…”