Exploring C4–CAM plasticity within the Portulaca oleracea complex

Ferrari, Renata Callegari; Cruz, Bruna Coelho; Gastaldi, Vinícius Daguano; Storl, Thalyson Adolfo; Ferrari, Elisa Callegari; Boxall, Susanna Flavia; Hartwell, James; Freschi, Luciano

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71012-y

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…tend to inhabit environments with high light intensities, weak CAM acidity of purslane plants under high salinity in this study could be due to the low level of light used to cultivate this plant species. Furthermore, there are different CAM expression levels within the P. oleracea complex ( Ferrari et al, 2020 ). Under drought stress, when CAM was induced in purslane, lower qP, and higher NPQ were observed ( D’Andrea et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the CO 2 fluxes increased during the light and the dark, reverting to a non-CAM pattern within 24 h after re-watering. Ferrari et al (2020) evaluated CAM plasticity of 11 subspecies of P. oleracea from distant geographical locations, and they concluded that all subspecies expressed CAM in a fully-reversible manner. However, there are different combinations of CAM expression level within the P. oleracea complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impacts of drought stress have been studied frequently in purslane, and the induction of CAM could reduce the negative effects of drought stress. Portulaca oleracea engages multiple strategies to cope with the drought and CAM induction is a metabolic strategy of this species to maintain photosynthesis under drought stress ( D’Andrea et al, 2014 ; Ferrari et al, 2020 ). However, there is little published work exploring the expression of CAM, growth, physiological responses, and nutritional quantity of purslane to salinity when they were grown hydroponically indoors under LED lighting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Salinity Reduces Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Performance but Enhances Certain Nutritional Quality of C4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Hydroponically Under LED Lighting

You

Qin

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Portulaca oleracea L. (known as purslane) is one of the most nutritious leafy vegetables owing to its high content of antioxidants. In this study, all plants were grown indoors hydroponically with different NaCl salinities. Photosynthetic photo flux density (PPFD) at 200 μmol m−2 s−1 (12 h) was provided to all plants by LED with red:blue ratio of 2.2. Thirty days after transplanting, plants grown with100 mM NaCl had the highest productivity and the fastest leaf growth followed by those with 0, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Grown with 300 mM NaCl, purslane had the lowest specific leaf area due to its highest leaf dry matter content and its lowest water content. All plants had similar values of leaf succulence except for those with 300 mM NaCl. Total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were significantly higher in plants grown with 0 and 100 mM NaCl than with 200, and 300 mM NaCl. All plants had Fv/Fm ratios close to 0.8. However, electron transport rate and ΔF/Fm′ were significantly higher in plants grown with 0 and 100 mM NaCl than with 200 and 300 mM NaCl. CAM-induced purslane with 300 mM NaCl had higher non-photochemical quenching. Maximum net photosynthetic O2 evolution rate and Cyt b6f concentration were significantly lower with 300 mM NaCl compared to all other plants while all plants had similar PS II concentration. Proline concentration increased with increasing salinities. All plants had similar levels of total soluble sugars. Plants grown with 0 and 100 mM NaCl had significantly higher concentrations of NO3−, total reduced nitrogen, total leaf soluble protein, Rubisco protein, total ascorbic acid, and total phenolic compounds than with 200 and 300 mM NaCl. The highest concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg were found in purslane grown under 0 mM NaCl. Statistically, no significant differences in Fe concentrations were observed among all plants. However, salinity seems to increase Fe concentration. In conclusion, it is feasible to grow purslane under 100 mM NaCl as it is the most optimal condition to achieve higher productivity and better quality. However, the production of antioxidants may depend on not only salinity but also other growth conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Salinity Reduces Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Performance but Enhances Certain Nutritional Quality of C4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Hydroponically Under LED Lighting

You

Qin

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In the current study, molecular docking simulation was conducted on polysaccharides derived from the extract of Portulaca oleracea to assess their ability to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 protease. Portulaca oleracea (duckweed) is an annual succulent in the Portulacaceae family with slight hogweed or parsley which may reach 16 inches in height [36]. Molecular docking permits rapid screening of the sequences of amino acid through many coronaviruses' species such as SARS-CoV-2 [23,37].…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Inhibition Effect of Portulaca oleracea against SARS-CoV-2 through Molecular Docking Simulation

AN¹,

EG²,

SM³

2021

austinjanalpharmchem

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Recently a new virus strain designated as SARS coronavirus result in a fatal pandemic known as COVID-19. Bioinformatics and drug screening are directed for the assessment of potential inhibitors before their clinical implementation for the treatment of this fatal pneumonia. One of the expected natural potent inhibitors is Portulaca oleracea which has been assigned as an effective drug to different human ailments throughout the whole world. P. oleracea is widely spread in most areas of Egypt. In the current study, hydrophilic polysaccharides were purified from Portulaca oleracea extracts. Molecular docking simulation is implemented to investigate the antiviral effect of the purified polysaccharides to inhibit COVID-19. The viral protease was downloaded from a Protein Data Bank (PDB# 6y84) then docked with the potent inhibitors. The docking results indicate that the purified polysaccharides can bind tightly to the SARS-CoV-2 viral protease, which indicates that P. oleracea is a potential inhibitor for COVID-19.

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“…A detailed survey of photosynthetic gene activity has only been completed in one Portulaca species, P. oleracea (Ferrari et al 2020b(Ferrari et al , 2020c, which focused on CCM gene identification in an NADtype C4 species. Similar experiments on other Portulaca species are needed to answer fundamental questions about the function and evolution of C4+CAM, and the integration of new metabolic modules more generally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene co-expression reveals the modularity and integration of C₄and CAM inPortulaca

Gilman

Moreno-Villena

Lewis

et al. 2021

Preprint

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C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) have been considered as largely independent photosynthetic adaptations in spite of sharing key biochemical modules. Portulaca is a geographically widespread clade of over 100 annual and perennial angiosperm species that primarily use C4 photosynthesis, but facultatively exhibit CAM when drought stressed, a photosynthetic system known as C4+CAM. It has been hypothesized that C4+CAM is rare because of pleiotropic constraints, but these have not been deeply explored. We generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of P. amilis and sampled mRNA from P. amilis and P. oleracea during CAM induction. Gene co-expression network analyses identified C4 and CAM gene modules shared and unique to both Portulaca species. A conserved CAM module linked phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) to starch turnover during the day-night transition and was enriched in circadian clock regulatory motifs in the P. amilis genome. Preservation of this co-expression module regardless of water status suggests that Portulaca constitutively operate a weak CAM cycle that is transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally upregulated during drought. C4 and CAM mostly used mutually exclusive paralogs for primary carbon fixation and, although it is likely that nocturnal CAM malate stores are shuttled into diurnal C4 decarboxylation pathways, we find some evidence that metabolite cycling may occur at low levels. C4 likely evolved in Portulaca through co-option of redundant paralogs and integration of the diurnal portion of CAM. Thus, the ancestral CAM system did not strongly constrain C4 evolution because photosynthetic gene networks are not co-regulated for both daytime and nighttime functions.

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Exploring C4–CAM plasticity within the Portulaca oleracea complex

Cited by 23 publications

References 76 publications

High Salinity Reduces Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Performance but Enhances Certain Nutritional Quality of C4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Hydroponically Under LED Lighting

High Salinity Reduces Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Performance but Enhances Certain Nutritional Quality of C4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Hydroponically Under LED Lighting

Investigating the Inhibition Effect of Portulaca oleracea against SARS-CoV-2 through Molecular Docking Simulation

Gene co-expression reveals the modularity and integration of C₄and CAM inPortulaca

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Exploring C4–CAM plasticity within the Portulaca oleracea complex

Cited by 23 publications

References 76 publications

High Salinity Reduces Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Performance but Enhances Certain Nutritional Quality of C4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Hydroponically Under LED Lighting

High Salinity Reduces Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Performance but Enhances Certain Nutritional Quality of C4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Hydroponically Under LED Lighting

Investigating the Inhibition Effect of Portulaca oleracea against SARS-CoV-2 through Molecular Docking Simulation

Gene co-expression reveals the modularity and integration of C4and CAM inPortulaca

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Gene co-expression reveals the modularity and integration of C₄and CAM inPortulaca