Exploring Cognitive and Perceptual Judgment Processes in Gymnastics Using Essential Kinematics Information

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to transfer the method of using isolated kinematics information combined with the examination of perceptual-cognitive processes to gymnastics judging and thereby investigating the informational underpinnings of skilled perception and judgment. More specifically, a combination of process-tracing methods that include both the gaze pattern (via eye tracking) and the performance judgment (via ratings on a six-point Likert scale) of participants with different gymnastics expertise (visual experts, n = 14, motor experts, n = 17, novices, n = 18) was employed for gymnastics performances of a floor routine (round off, back handspring, back layout somersault), which were shown as videos in original or in stick-figure format. Gaze pattern was analyzed for the whole floor routine as well as for the particular temporal-spatial windows of the three motor skills. Differences between visual experts, motor experts, and novices could be found concerning the judgment score, η p 2 = .242, and the judgment accuracy, η p 2 = .196, but not the gaze pattern. The significant interaction effects between skill and format for the gaze pattern show the importance of the last skill in the judgment processes. Further research should investigate the influence of judgment instruction on the gaze pattern as well as the importance of the last skill for the judgment score.

An Online Arrangement Method of Difficult Actions in Competitive Aerobics Based on Multimedia Technology

“…e design idea is to unify the scale of the high-level feature map with that of low-level feature map through upsampling and fuse the upsampled high-level feature map with the corresponding low-level feature map [18]. e top-down feature fusion method is used to fuse the two scale feature maps, and the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 3.…”

Action Quality Assessment Model Using Specialists’ Gaze Location and Kinematics Data—Focusing on Evaluating Figure Skating Jumps

“…Based on information reduction theory [31], we expected that judges would have a certain level of specialty in evaluating the performance of figure skating jumps and, therefore, the judge group would have a longer fixation duration. Prior studies have indicated mixed results, with certain case studies reporting a longer fixation duration for skaters [26] and others reporting no differences by subject attributes [27]. In addition, Pizzera et al reported no difference in the fixation duration between judges with and without specific motor experience [24].…”

“…However, there were no significant differences in fixation time or number of fixations among the three types of specialties. Notably, the visual specialist group included both referees and coaches [27].…”

“…However, the results of this study indicated no difference in the number of fixations between the two groups. In previous studies on the effect of fixation numbers on differences in specialty, certain studies reported the athletes having more fixation numbers [26] and no difference in the subjects' attributes [27]. In comparisons among judges, Pizzera et al reported that the number of fixations differed depending on whether they had specific motor experience in performing the skill they were judging [24].…”

Preprint_Diagnostic judgments_physical education_Leukel et al_

“…As mentioned, a disadvantage of test outcomes as reference is that for many exercises in physical education, no tests exist. An alternative approach, therefore, is to utilise trainers who hold a sufficiently high level of judgment accuracy with regard to the studied exercise as reference (Bläsing, 2015;Mack, 2020;Newberry et al, 2021;Stadler et al, 2021).…”