“…Apart from teaching materials, in terms of teaching practice, students' low level of English proficiency could be a deter factor for CLT implementation. The majority of EFL school students in Pakistan (Ahmad & Rao, 2021), Saudi Arabia (Alharbi, 2021;Althagafi, 2023), Turkey (Ozsevik, 2020), Nepal (Tiwari, 2021), and Bangladesh (Nuby et al, 2020) tend to translate written text into native language because they do not understand English. This is also a typical situation in the majority of schools, especially in remote areas of Indonesia (Muhammmad, 2023;Nasution, 2022;Williyan et al, 2023).…”