Exploring controls on perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) gas–particle partitioning using a model with observational constraints

Tao, Ye; VandenBoer, Trevor C.; Ye, RenXi; Young, Cora J.

doi:10.1039/d2em00261b

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In previous studies, the size-dependent distribution of PFAS was hypothesized to be related to their physicochemical properties and their affinity with aerosols. , However, relevant evidence was still not enough to support that hypothesis. Organic matter (OM), an important component of reactive substances in particles, plays a key role during the processes of adsorption, partitioning, and complexation of organic pollutants. , As shown in Figure S1, the OM fractions ( f om ) in TSP ranged from 8.9 to 28.8% (mean of 18.8%), which was consistent with previous results in Izmir, Turkey (mean of 23.3%) . Furthermore, the data showed a significant exponential decrease in f OM with the increasing particle size ( R 2 = 0.99, p < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Organic matter (OM), an important component of reactive substances in particles, plays a key role during the processes of adsorption, partitioning, and complexation of organic pollutants. 8,11 As shown in Figure S1, the OM fractions (f om ) in TSP ranged from 8.9 to 28.8% (mean of 18.8%), which was consistent with previous results in Izmir, Turkey (mean of 23.3%). 26 Furthermore, the data showed a significant exponential decrease in f OM with the increasing particle size (R 2 = 0.99, p < 0.05).…”

Section: Impact Of Om On Size-dependent Distribution Of Pfas In Parti...supporting

confidence: 91%

“…The dynamic exchange of organic pollutants between the gas and particle phases is an important process that ultimately affects their environmental fate . Size-dependent distribution and gas-particle partitioning have been commonly used to describe the distribution behavior of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) between the gas and particle phases. − Comparatively, few studies on atmospheric PFAS have been documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Occurrence and Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Atmosphere: Size-Dependent Gas-Particle Partitioning, Precipitation Scavenging, and Amplification

Li,

Wang,

Cui

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concerns about the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the atmosphere are continuously growing. In this study, size-fractionated particles, gas, and rainwater samples were simultaneously collected in Shijiazhuang, China, to investigate the multiphase distribution of PFAS in the atmosphere. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) dominated the total concentration of PFAS in atmospheric media. A strong positive relationship (0.79 < R 2 < 0.99) was observed between the concentration of PFCAs and organic matter fraction (f OM) in different particle size fractions, while no such relationship for perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and f OM, suggesting f OM may be an important factor influencing the size-dependent distribution of PFCAs. Temperature played a key role in the gas-particle partitioning of PFAS, while it did not significantly affect their particle-size-dependent distribution. The associative concentration fluctuation of particle and particle-bound PFAS during precipitation suggested that precipitation scavenging was an important mechanism for the removal of PFAS from the atmosphere. Furthermore, temporary increases in atmospheric PFAS concentrations were observed during the precipitation. Fugacity ratios of PFAS in rainwater and gas phase (log f R/f G ranged between 2.0 and 6.6) indicated a strong trend for PFAS to diffuse from the rainwater to the gas phase during the precipitation, which may explain that the concentration of PFAS in the gas phase continued to increase even at the end of the precipitation.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Impact Of Om On Size-dependent Distribution Of Pfas In Parti...supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence and Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Atmosphere: Size-Dependent Gas-Particle Partitioning, Precipitation Scavenging, and Amplification

Li,

Wang,

Cui

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, all of C5−C14 (C13 not analyzed) were detected in precipitation at concentrations of 0.43−5.4 pg/mL. These results indicate that C2−C8 can reside in the atmospheric gas phase long enough to be sampled, consistent with previous modeling work 36 on the gas−particle partitioning of PFCAs, which predicts PFCAs to predominantly reside in the gas phase under atmospherically relevant conditions. The relative abundance of atmospheric gas phase C2−C4 is also consistent with precipitation and other aqueous samples, supporting atmospheric formation and transport of PFCAs as a dominant source and/or process.…”

Section: ■ Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

A Rapid Derivatization for Quantitation of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids from Aqueous Matrices by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Lorenzo

Clouthier

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultrashort-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are receiving more attention due to their ever-increasing presence in the environment. Methods have been established for the analysis of short- and long-chain PFCAs, while robust quantitation of ultrashort-chain species is scarce. Here, we develop a novel derivatization method using diphenyl diazomethane for quantitation of C2–C14 PFCAs in aqueous matrices. The method is highlighted by rapid completion of derivatization (<1 min) and retention and separation of ultrashort-chain (C2/C3) PFCA derivatives using H2 carrier gas (R > 1.5). A weak anion exchange solid-phase extraction procedure for analyte recovery from representative aqueous samples was developed and validated by spike and recovery from ultrapure water, synthetic ocean water, and simulated denuder extracts used for collecting gaseous PFCAs. Recoveries for PFCAs ranged from 83 to 130% for the majority of analytes and matrices. The instrument detection limits (IDLs) range from 8 to 220 fg per injection, and method detection limits (MDLs) range from 0.06 to 14.6 pg/mL for 500 mL aqueous samples, which are within an order of magnitude to conventional LC–MS/MS methods. The method was applied to the analysis of real samples of tap water, rainwater, ocean water, and annular denuder extracts. The overall method provides a cost-effective alternative to conventional LC–MS/MS methods, overcoming the typical GC–MS drawbacks of high detection limits and long sample preparation times while being able to simultaneously analyze the complete spectrum of environmentally relevant PFCAs.

show abstract

“…These authors reported that TFA in the atmosphere will partition entirely into fog and cloud water, but that partitioning into smaller amounts of liquid water, e.g., aerosol, is more complex. Here, TFA may partition into the liquid phase in alkaline aerosol, but less so as the aerosol becomes more acidic, and this idea has support in the wider literature [49,54,55]. Interestingly, Kazil et al suggested that, upon cloud evaporation, dissolved TFA is released into the gas phase [54].…”

Section: Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Trifluoroacetic Acid: Toxicity, Sources, Sinks and Future Prospects

Garavagno,

Holland,

Khan

et al. 2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a known and persistent pollutant in the environment. Although several direct anthropogenic sources exist, production from the atmospheric degradation of fluorocarbons such as some hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) has been a known source for some time. The current transition from HFCs to HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins) is beneficial from a global warming viewpoint because HFOs are much shorter-lived and pose a much smaller threat in terms of warming, but the fraction of HFOs converted into TFA is higher than seen for the corresponding HFCs and the region in which TFA is produced is close to the source. Therefore, it is timely to review the role of TFA in the Earth’s environment. This review considers its toxicity, sources and removal processes, measurement in a variety of environments, and future prospects. New global model integrations are used to quantify the impacts of uncertainties on TFA levels using the Henry’s Law constant for TFA and the range of gas-phase kinetic parameters chosen for the reaction of OH radicals with a representative HFO (HFO-1234yf). Model runs suggest that TFA surface concentrations vary by up to 10% based on Henry’s Law data but could be up to 25% smaller than previously modelled values suggest depending on the kinetic analysis adopted. Therefore, future estimates of TFA surface concentrations based on HFO removal require updating and the kinetic analysis of TFA production warrants further investigation. The toxicity of TFA appears to be low, but further studies of a much wider range of animal and plant types are required.

show abstract

Exploring controls on perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) gas–particle partitioning using a model with observational constraints

Abstract: The atmospheric fate of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) has attracted much attention in recent decades due to the role of the atmosphere in global transport of these persistent chemicals. There is...

Cited by 6 publications

References 99 publications

Occurrence and Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Atmosphere: Size-Dependent Gas-Particle Partitioning, Precipitation Scavenging, and Amplification

Occurrence and Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Atmosphere: Size-Dependent Gas-Particle Partitioning, Precipitation Scavenging, and Amplification

A Rapid Derivatization for Quantitation of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids from Aqueous Matrices by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Trifluoroacetic Acid: Toxicity, Sources, Sinks and Future Prospects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About