Exploring Definition of Cyberbullying and its Forms From the Perspective of Adolescents Living in Pakistan

Iqbal, Sidra; Jami, Humaira

doi:10.1007/s12646-022-00689-0

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The evolving nature of cyberbullying, driven by new tools and methods for online attacks, adds to this complexity (Adediran, 2021). Cyberbullying can take various forms such as direct cyberbullying (insulting messages) or indirect cyberbullying (rumors and fake news) (Iqbal & Jami, 2022).…”

Section: Forms Of Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Media and the Incidence of Cyberbullying in Nigeria: Implications for Creating a Safer Online Environment

Akeusola

2023

NIU HMS

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Social media has become an integral part of communication and information sharing worldwide, including Nigeria. However, despite its benefits, social media platforms also pose risks, with cyberbullying emerging as a prevalent and concerning issue. This article reviews incidence, forms, consequences, and approaches to promoting safer online environments in Nigeria. Using a qualitative research design, a comprehensive literature review and thematic analysis of secondary sources were conducted. The findings revealed that cyberbullying is prevalent in Nigeria and exists in various forms such as outing, trickery, trolling, and verbal and visual/sexual cyberbullying. Meanwhile, the phenomenon has negative emotional and psychological consequences. The review highlights the lack of awareness and understanding of cyberbullying among stakeholders, leading to the underestimation and underreporting of incidents. This emphasizes the need for specific policies and comprehensive preventive measures. While the current legislation addresses certain aspects of cyberbullying, a dedicated policy on cyberbullying management is lacking. To promote safer online environments, this study suggests involving various stakeholders and developing tailored prevention and intervention strategies. This includes educating students and staff on cyberbullying, implementing reporting mechanisms, and providing support systems. Further research is needed to explore the role of social media platforms in cyberbullying experiences, involvement of technology companies and stakeholders, and effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Keywords: Cyberbullying, cybercrime, social media, trickery, trolling.

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Section: Forms Of Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several forms of cyberbullying have been identified in the literature (Adediran, 2021;Iqbal & Jami, 2022;Ifeoma, 2022;Kaspersky, 2015;Matulewska et al, 2020;Public Safety Canada, 2015;Xu & Trzaskawka, 2021), which are discussed below:…”

Section: Forms Of Cyberbullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Media and the Incidence of Cyberbullying in Nigeria: Implications for Creating a Safer Online Environment

Akeusola

2023

NIU HMS

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“…Cyberbullying is defined as repeated intentional and harmful behavior that occurs through the use of computers, mobile phones, and other electronic devices (Kowalski et al, 2014). It includes (1) spreading threatening or embarrassing messages and photos about the target individual, (2) flaming, which involves using antagonistic symbols as a form of argumentative communication, such as the middle finger, fist, or multiple question marks, (3) online slamming refers to a phenomenon where individuals who witness acts of bullying online become a collective group supporting the bullying behavior, (4) unauthorized control of someone else's account with the aim of spying, and (5) relational aggression, which involves spreading rumors or creating fake accounts (Iqbal & Jami, 2022). Cyberbullying experienced by elementary school students can be caused by online self-disclosure and the developmental stage of individuals without sufficient knowledge of their behavior (Aizenkot, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMART-C Intervention to Reduce Anxiety in Elementary School Students Experiencing Cyberbullying

Kaloeti

Desiningrum

2023

psy

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This study was conducted to examine the effect of the SMART-C (Safe, Meeting, Accepting, Reliable, Tell-Children) intervention on reducing anxiety among elementary school students who had experienced cyberbullying. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach, and the sample consisted of 20 participants who had been victims of cyberbullying. Parental consent was also obtained before allowing the participation of children in the intervention. The results showed that SMART-C training was effective in reducing anxiety (Z = -2.317, p < .03). The reduction was observed in overall (Z = -1.975, p < .04) and separation anxiety (Z = -2.420, p < .01). However, there was no significant change in the bullying condition before and after intervention. A significant difference also existed in anxiety scores between males and females after the treatment (t=.410; p<.05). Female children showed more significant decrease in anxiety (M = 18.57) compared to male (M = 17.15). Further studies on community intervention should be carried out to enhance digital literacy, involving children parents, teachers, and the community.

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“…Addiction to social media ultimately leads to exposure to a lot of harmful content; a study also showed that memes, cyber mobs and pranks are a common source of cyber-bullying causing more damage to the mental health of Pakistani students. 5 An extensive study also suggested the negative relationship between addiction of social media and mental health; users tend to have low self-esteem and confidence. Another disadvantage of excessive usage of social media is media violence; there is a lot of anger on media that can impact the mental health.…”

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confidence: 99%

Excessive usage of social media: a potential threat to mental health in Pakistan

Zafar,

Muhammad Bin Mobin

2023

J Pak Med Assoc

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Madam, Social media is an interactive technology that has been used for decades across the globe and Pakistan has millions of active users as well. Social media platforms have experienced rapid growth in Pakistan, with approximately 53 active million users in 2021, reflecting a 9.2% increase from the previous year [1]. While these platforms provide numerous benefits such as connectivity, information dissemination, and social support, they also pose risks to mental health and wellbeing. Studies have linked excessive social media use with increased levels of anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances [2]. The alarming increase in social media usage is a potential threat to the mental health and our population, particularly among young people. A study conducted on Pakistani university students revealed that excessive use of social media was significantly associated with increased stress, anxiety, and depression [3]. Furthermore, the prevalence of cyber bullying in Pakistan has now become a valid concern. One study estimating that most of Pakistani internet users, especially youth have experienced some form of cyberbullying [4]. Cyberbullying is a significant risk factor for mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Addiction to social media ultimately leads to exposure to a lot of harmful content; a study also showed that memes, cyber mobs and pranks are a common source of cyber-bullying causing more damage to the mental health of Pakistani students [5]. An extensive study also suggested the negative relationship between addiction of social media and mental health; users tend to have low self-esteem and confidence. Another disadvantage of excessive usage of social media is media violence; there is a lot of anger on media that can impact the mental health [6]. Given the potential impact of social media on mental health of Pakistani youth, the government should implement public awareness campaigns highlighting the potential risks of excessive social media usage and promoting healthy online behaviours. People who have already been diagnosed with any kind of mental illness due to excessive usage of social media should be properly treated and provided with therapies. More research on the impact of social media on mental health and well-being in Pakistan, this will help identify specific risk factors, protective factors and intervention strategies relevant to the Pakistani context.

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Exploring Definition of Cyberbullying and its Forms From the Perspective of Adolescents Living in Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Social Media and the Incidence of Cyberbullying in Nigeria: Implications for Creating a Safer Online Environment

Social Media and the Incidence of Cyberbullying in Nigeria: Implications for Creating a Safer Online Environment

SMART-C Intervention to Reduce Anxiety in Elementary School Students Experiencing Cyberbullying

Excessive usage of social media: a potential threat to mental health in Pakistan

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