“…What is known about the correlates of hookah use come mainly from convenience samples (Daniels & Roman, 2013; Jarrett, Blosnich, Tworek, & Horn, 2012; Linde et al, 2015; Smith et al, 2011) or representative samples of adolescents (Amrock, Gordon, Zelikoff, & Weitzman, 2014), high school students (Palamar et al, 2014), and college students (Chen & Loukas, 2015; Montgomery et al, 2015). However, findings from these studies cannot be generalized to the overall adult population – additionally because a large minority of US high school students fail to complete high school, and of those who receive a high school degree, a smaller percentage enroll in university and earn a college degree (Chapman, Laird, Ifill, & KewalRamani, 2011).…”