Exploring Differences Between Violent and Nonviolent Juvenile Offenders Using Juvenile

Classifying Violent Versus Nonviolent Offending in a Diverse Sample of Adolescent Juvenile Delinquents

“…While the model underclassified cases in the violent offense category, not recidivating significantly contributed to the classification of cases in the non-violent group. In this regard, not recidivating might be interpreted as a protective factor, which is consistent with prior studies that have revealed a significant relationship between repeat offending and violent referrals (Auffrey et al, 1999).…”

“…Studies examining risk factors for all forms of delinquency and for violent offending specifically have reported similar findings. Specifically, common risk factors include being male, childhood maltreatment, economic disadvantage, low academic achievement, having learning and emotional disability diagnoses, illegal substance violations, and a pattern of repeat offending (Auffrey, Fritz, Lin, & Bistak, 1999;Beebe & Mueller, 1993;Ensminger, Kellam, & Rubin, 1983;Olweus, 1983;Tremblay, Masse, Perron, Leblanc, Schwartzman, & Ledingham, 1992;Van Dorn, 2003).…”

“…However, several studies examining juvenile violence have either focused on factors associated with violent offending without drawing comparisons between violent and non-violent forms of delinquency (McCord et al, 2001;Moffitt, 1990;Morgan & Lilienfeld, 2000;Morris & Morris, 2006;Otnow-Lewis et al, 1985;Rutherford & Nelson, 2005;Shelley-Tremblay et al, 2007;Waldie & Spreen, 2001), or have focused only on incarcerated youth (Auffrey et al, 1999;Gover, 2002;Loza, 2003). Some authors have concluded that more research is needed that contrasts risk factors for violent and non-violent offenders (Hawkins et al, 2000).…”

An Exploration of Differences in Childhood Maltreatment between Violent and Non-Violent Male Delinquents

“…For instance, in two different longitudinal studies, researchers found no significant differences in the amount or severity of the negative verbal interactions (Capaldi & Patterson, 1996), cruel parental attitude, or authoritarian parenting (Farrington, 1991) experienced by violent and nonviolent offenders. There have also been no differences found in the amount or severity of domestic violence (Auffrey et al, 1999), psychological abuse (Haapasalo & Hamalainen, 1996), physical abuse (Auffrey et al, 1999;Capaldi & Patterson, 1996;Haapasalo & Hamalainen, 1996;Lewis et al, 1985), or neglect (Haapasalo & Hamalainen, 1996) endured by violent and nonviolent offenders. In fact, one group of researchers (Gutierres & Reich, 1981) found that physically abused children were less likely than their siblings and a nonabused control group to partake in aggressive and violent behavior.…”

“…Researchers have compared violent and nonviolent offenders on measures other than maltreatment history such as neuropsychological assessments (Spellacy, 1977;Tarter, Hegedus, Alterman, & Katz-Garris, 1983), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Spellacy, 1977), intellectual abilities such as IQ (Auffrey, Fritz, Lin, & Bistak, 1999;Tarter et al, 1983;Walsh, 1987), educational tests (Tarter et al, 1983), child and parental substance abuse, juvenile court history, assaultive behavior, and sexual deviance (Auffrey et al, 1999). However, fewer researchers (Capaldi & Patterson, 1996;Haapasalo & Hamalainen, 1996;Loeber & Schmaling, 1985;Rivera & Widom, 1990;Widom, 1989) have examined violent and nonviolent offenders and their maltreatment histories (Haapasalo & Hamalainen, 1996) and their findings are inconsistent.…”