Exploring differential trends in severe and fatal child pedestrian injury in New South Wales, Australia (1997–2006)

Doukas, George; Olivier, Jake; Poulos, Ros; Grzebieta, Raphael

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.04.010

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Between 1986 and 2006 in Australia, the child mortality rate decreased from 30 to 13 deaths per 100,000, a reduction mainly attributable to a decrease in deaths from transport accidents [18]. Other studies have shown that the rate of injury-related hospitalisations for children aged 14 years or less has slowly but consistently declined since the mid-1990′s [20], [21], and that the rate of serious or fatal pedestrian injuries for children decreased by 7.4% each year between 1998 and 2006 [22]. It is possible these declines have occurred as a result of parents becoming more protective, although other changes such as mandatory bicycle helmet laws and improvements to vehicle safety could also explain improvements in child safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Maternal Protectiveness Is Associated with Higher Odds of Child Overweight and Obesity: A Longitudinal Australian Study

2014

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In recent years there has been an increasing interest in overprotective parenting and the potential role it plays in child development. While some have argued that a trend towards increased parental fear and reduced opportunity for independent mobility may be linked to increasing rates of child overweight and obesity, there is limited empirical information available to support this claim. Using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, this study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationships between maternal protectiveness and child overweight and obesity. A cohort of 4–5 year old children was followed up at 6–7, 8–9 and 10–11 years of age (n = 2596). Measures included a protective parenting scale administered when children were 6–7 and 8–9 years of age, child body mass index (BMI), family characteristics including household income, neighbourhood disadvantage, child's position amongst siblings, and maternal BMI, education, employment, mental health and age at first birth. International Obesity Taskforce age- and sex-specific BMI cut points were used to determine if children were in the normal, overweight or obese BMI range. There was no association between maternal protectiveness and the odds of children being overweight or obese at age 4–5, 6–7 or 8–9 years. However at age 10–11 years, a 1 standard deviation increase in maternal protectiveness was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of children being overweight or obese. The results provide evidence of a relationship between maternal protectiveness and child overweight and obesity, however further research is required to understand the mechanism(s) that links the two concepts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Maternal Protectiveness Is Associated with Higher Odds of Child Overweight and Obesity: A Longitudinal Australian Study

2014

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“…Death rates have declined significantly for child pedestrians aged 0-14 years in other parts of Europe (namely England and Wales), in Australia, and in the United States [5,15,16]. Explanations cited include progress in emergency and medical care and reduced walking [5,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

et al. 2016

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The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.

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“…Worldwide, there are many examples of such countries: Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States [1,16,17,18,19,20]. Looking at the longerterm trend, the number of road fatalities in the International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group (IRTAD) countries decreased by 42% between 2000 and 2014; many countries showed reductions of over 50%, and some up to 70% [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes In Mortality Trends Of Road Traffic Injuries In Lithuania Over 1971-2014

et al. 2017

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SummaryThe goal of this study was to analyze the changes in mortality trends of road traffic injuries for the whole population in transitional Lithuania over 1971 to 2014. Special attention was paid to the potential effect of the activities at macro and micro-level, and the socio-economic changes after the Independence in 1991. The data were derived from the Department of Statistics for the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, the Archives of Health Information Centre, and the Institute of Hygiene in Lithuania. The numbers have been based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Trends were estimated by the use of logarithmic regression. During the study, trends before the Independence in 1991 and after the Independence were compared. The study revealed that during the 44-year study period, a total of 38,982 people died from road traffic injuries in Lithuania. Men deceased 3.2 times more than that of women. About 40% of those killed in road traffic crashes were pedestrians. The mortality rates of road traffic injuries showed no significant change over the pre-independence period for the whole group. However, during the post-independence period , the mortality rates of road traffic injuries in the country significantly decreased for the whole population. Before the Independence , no change was presented nor in men and nor in women subgroups, whereas after the Independence (1992-2014), road traffic injury deaths fell significantly in both sexes. In addition, over the post-independence period, a significant decrease in pedestrian mortality trends for the whole population, and in men and women subgroups was observed. The study confirmed that sustainable preventive measures at macro and micro levels had possible impact on fatal road traffic injuries in the country. Socioeconomic changes, political reforms, education activities, safe environment creation, legislation, and improved healthcare seem to have contributed to the significant decrease of fatal road traffic injuries in transitional Lithuania. Continuous and permanent injury prevention and road safety promotion work is recommended for road safety management.

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Exploring differential trends in severe and fatal child pedestrian injury in New South Wales, Australia (1997–2006)

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Higher Maternal Protectiveness Is Associated with Higher Odds of Child Overweight and Obesity: A Longitudinal Australian Study

Higher Maternal Protectiveness Is Associated with Higher Odds of Child Overweight and Obesity: A Longitudinal Australian Study

Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

Changes In Mortality Trends Of Road Traffic Injuries In Lithuania Over 1971-2014

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