2022
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415511
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Exploring Highly Conserved Regions of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Subunit as Targets for Fusion Inhibition Using Chimeric Proteins

Abstract: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, considerable efforts have been made to develop protective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, immunity tends to decline within a few months, and new virus variants are emerging with increased transmissibility and capacity to evade natural or vaccine-acquired immunity. Therefore, new robust strategies are needed to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The viral spike composed of S1 and S2 subunits mediates viral attachment and membrane fusion to infect the host … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…There are one and three different amino acid sequences in Nsp3 and Nsp8, which can be used as important sites for virus identification. S protein contains multiple domains; S1 plays a role in the binding of receptor ACE2 ( 21 ), whereas S2 mediates the membrane fusion process ( 22 ). Partial domains and sequence identity are highly correlated; the NTD domain in S1 and HR1 in S2 showed a significantly reduced (16.9% and 52.3%), while the consistency of other parts was 69.2%; they showed clear demarcation ( Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are one and three different amino acid sequences in Nsp3 and Nsp8, which can be used as important sites for virus identification. S protein contains multiple domains; S1 plays a role in the binding of receptor ACE2 ( 21 ), whereas S2 mediates the membrane fusion process ( 22 ). Partial domains and sequence identity are highly correlated; the NTD domain in S1 and HR1 in S2 showed a significantly reduced (16.9% and 52.3%), while the consistency of other parts was 69.2%; they showed clear demarcation ( Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this study, two epitope bins (C and S2) outside the RBD of the S-protein were included in TATX-03 to engage other MoAs. Among the selected non-RBD-blockers, Ab 2-A6 binds to the S2 region, which is considered a highly conserved domain and therefore a promising target for a sustainable therapeutic [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. However, Abs recognizing this region of the spike trimer are rarely reported.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A combination of two of Abs discovered from B cells harvested from vaccinated convalescents neutralized Omicron variants BA.2.75, BA.2.75.2, BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, CH.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1 [ 8 ]. In TATX-03, clones 2-A6 and, to a lesser extent, 22-E7 bind to regions relatively less prone to mutations, with 2-A6 binding to the S2 subunit involved in the membrane fusion process of the virus with the host cell [ 64 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%