Exploring interrelationships of COVID-19 dimensions in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review

Abstract

Background COVID-19 affected the world threatening medical, social, economic and community dimensions. Along with the other countries of the world, Saudi Arabia also witnessed critical emergencies leading to serious disaster due mainly to the overcrowding at certain urban residential localities. Nevertheless, the situation handled meticulously not only with measures and combating strategies but also with documentations and researches to build sustainable confrontation systems and lateral programs. Main body of abstract This attempt is a consolidation of the academic efforts on COVID-19 in the country aiming to contribute to the knowledge base aiding to future planning on preparedness. An online survey of published academic research from peer reviewed journals were carried out during August-December 2022, using COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia as search criteria. Many areas of concern are assessed in the context which are classified into spread and burden, patient statistics, symptoms and other clinical dimensions, vaccinations and vaccine acceptance/hesitance, psychosocial impact, impact on education, impact on health staff, impact on migration, impact on nutrition, and control measures adopted. Short conclusions A consolidation of these research findings explains the scientific academic community alertness in raising up to the emergency pandemic situation, which facilitated strategy and policy formulations by the Government ministries and other governing bodies. These researches are linked to stagewise programmatic efforts to curtail the epidemic as a mode of accomplishments.

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“…This indicates a high level of confidence in vaccination safety. The findings and conclusions generally corroborate the assertions made by Aldossari [18] that different sectors responded differently to the vaccine's introduction, with some being in favor and others opposed. The majority of participants used medication; however, there were few medical consultations or hospital admissions.…”

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“…However, in the Hail administrative area, there was a reasonably serious threat to the headquarters, Hail City, with 3-25 infections per 1,000 persons; other parts had a smaller spread (0-12). In contrast, the Tabouk administrative area was less widely affected (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), with Tabouk City (2-14) and the rest (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) showing mild attacks. In the Northern Borders administrative area, this epidemic spread very sparsely; the two affected locations were Arar and Rafha (1-19), which showed lesser spread than that in other cities and towns.…”

“…The Aseer administrative area had many locations affected by the widest spread, including Ballasmar (8-278), Sarat Abidah (5-97), and Zahran Al-Janub (4-72). Other localities/towns were less affected but had varying intensities, including Bishan (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and Khamis Mushayt (5-24), followed by the rest of Aseer (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Other locations, such as Abha, Ahad Rufaydah, Muhayil, and Rijal Al-Ma, were moderately affected.…”

“…The administrative areas, namely Al-Baha, the Northern Borders, and the Eastern Region, were negatively affected considering the share of the population. Although small, the Al-Baha administrative area had a large infection attack rate, not in its headquarters (3-34), Al-Baha City, but in Biljurashi (3-86) and Al-Mukhwah (4-52), whereas other locations had a smaller spread (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The Eastern Region has received wide attention in the context of COVID-19, where the spread began, creating huge emergencies.…”

“…In summary, many cities and towns in Saudi Arabia have high population concentrations. This situation expedites the potential for faster infection rates in the country [2][3][4][5]. Saudi Arabia has grappled with a rapid spread of COVID-19 in various overpopulated areas characterized by a transient population, despite efforts to contain, isolate, enforce social distancing, and impose lockdowns.…”