“…Although the exact locations of the larval habitats of amphidromous fishes are unknown, they generally include estuaries and the nearshore marine environment (McDowall, 2007), habitats which may accumulate anthropogenic pollutants deposited by streams and rivers (Larsen & Webb, 2009;Williamson & Morrisey, 2000). Additionally, amphidromous postlarvae experience a predator gauntlet, which includes fishes and wading birds, during recruitment and upstream migration, and are consumed by people where postlarvae fisheries occur (Bell, 1999;Engman, Fischer, Kwak, & Walter, 2017;Erdman, 1961;Hein & Crowl, 2010;Kwak et al, 2016). In either case, quantifying contaminant loading at all life stages is essential for understanding the role of migratory fish species in pollutant dynamics (Baker, Schindler, Holtgrieve, & St. Louis, 2009).…”