Exploring key ionic interactions for magnesium degradation in simulated body fluid – A data-driven approach

Zeller‐Plumhoff, Berit; Gile, Melissa; Priebe, Melissa; Słomińska, Hanna; Boll, Benjamin; Wiese, Björn; Würger, Tim; Willumeit‐Römer, Regine; Meißner, Robert H.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109272

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…At day 7 of immersion, all the samples showed a significant amount of carbon in EDS analysis (Figure 5). It is speculated that some carbonate phases (CaCO 3 /MgCO 3 ) precipitated on all the sample surfaces (Figures 3J-L), which correlate with previously reported literature (Zou et al, 2016;Tian et al, 2019;Öcal et al, 2020;Zeller-Plumhoff et al, 2021) that corrosion products formed on surfaces include CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 phases after immersion in physiological solutions. The carbonate phase improves the passivation of the surface and impedes further corrosion as demonstrated by hydrogen evolution (Figure 6A) and weight loss (Figure 7), while Mg(OH) 2 as a corrosion product hardly provide any protection from degradation (Zou et al, 2016).…”

Section: Formation Of Degradation Product and Structural Changessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This implies the formation of some magnesium phosphate phase as supported by SEM micrograph (Figure 3M) has a needle-like shaped structure. In case of both coating variants, all the carbonate disappeared and the Ca and P amount increases (Figures 5B,C) after day 14 indicates the formation of calcium phosphate phase as reported in the literature (Zeller-Plumhoff et al, 2021) that increase in Ca and P amount refer to the formation of hydroxyapatite. It is presumed that previously deposited carbonate (At day 7) reacted with the phosphate present in physiological solution to form the calcium phosphate phases e.g.…”

Section: Formation Of Degradation Product and Structural Changessupporting

confidence: 80%

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Improving the in vitro Degradation, Mechanical and Biological Properties of AZ91-3Ca Mg Alloy via Hydrothermal Calcium Phosphate Coatings

et al. 2021

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For many years, calcium phosphate coatings to tailor the degradation behavior of magnesium and magnesium-based alloys for orthopaedic applications have received lots of research attention. However, prolong degradation behavior, its effect on biological and mechanical properties as well as osteoblastic response to single-step hydrothermally deposited calcium phosphate coatings remain poorly documented. In this study, Alamar blue assay, cell attachment, live/dead assay, and qRT-PCR were done to study the biological response of the coatings. Furthermore, immersion testing in SBF for 28 days and compression testing of the degraded samples were carried out to examine the degradation behavior and its effect on mechanical properties. The results indicated that coatings have a significant influence on both the substrate performance and structural integrity of coated AZ91-3Ca alloy. Immersion test revealed that coating deposited at pH 7, 100°C (CP7100) improves the hydrogen evolution rate by 65% and the degradation rate by 60%. As the degradation performance of coated samples improves so does the mechanical strength. CP7100 samples successfully retained 90% of their compressive strength after 14 days of immersion while bare AZ91-3Ca alloy lost its mechanical integrity. Furthermore, biological studies show that cells are happily proliferating, differentiating, and adhering to the coating surfaces, which indicates, improved osteointegration and osteogenesis with no sign of alkaline poisoning. qRT-PCR results showed that calcium phosphate coatings enhanced the mRNA levels for RUNX2, Col1A, and ALP that may exhibit a speedy bone recovery. Thus, calcium phosphate coatings produced via a single-step hydrothermal method improve the degradation behavior, mechanical integrity and stimulate the differentiation of osteoblast lining. This leads toward faster bone regeneration, which shows a great potential of these coatings to be used on degradable implants as a bioactive protective layer.

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Section: Formation Of Degradation Product and Structural Changessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Formation Of Degradation Product and Structural Changessupporting

confidence: 80%

Improving the in vitro Degradation, Mechanical and Biological Properties of AZ91-3Ca Mg Alloy via Hydrothermal Calcium Phosphate Coatings

et al. 2021

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“…These include metal ion release, 14 adsorption of inorganic species (Ca 2+ , HPO 4 2– , H 2 PO 4 – , and HCO 3 – ), 15 , 16 and formation of complex corrosion products. 17 , 18 Mg and Mg alloys are promising materials for either macro- or miniscale medical devices 19 , 20 because they have superior biocompatibility 21 and bioresorbability or biodegradability, 22 , 23 alongside appropriate mechanical properties. 24 Nevertheless, these metals interact with protein molecules and require special attention when considering their corrosion and biodegradation behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Surface Potential Characterization of Protein Nanobiofilm Formation on Magnesium Alloy Oxide: Their Role in Biodegradation

et al. 2022

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The formation of a protein nanobiofilm on the surface of degradable biomaterials such as magnesium (Mg) and its alloys influences metal ion release, cell adhesion/spreading, and biocompatibility. During the early stage of human body implantation, competition and interaction between inorganic species and protein molecules result in a complex film containing Mg oxide and a protein layer. This film affects the electrochemical properties of the metal surface, the protein conformational arrangement, and the electronic properties of the protein/Mg oxide interface. In this study, we discuss the impact of various simulated body fluids, including sodium chloride (NaCl), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and Hanks’ solutions on protein adsorption, electrochemical interactions, and electrical surface potential (ESP) distribution at the adsorbed protein/Mg oxide interface. After 10 min of immersion in NaCl, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) showed a higher surface roughness related to enhanced degradation and lower ESP distribution on a Mg-based alloy than those in other solutions. Furthermore, adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) to all solutions caused a decline in the total surface roughness and ESP magnitude on the Mg alloy surface, particularly in the NaCl electrolyte. Using SKPFM surface analysis, we detected a protein nanobiofilm (∼10–20 nm) with an aggregated and/or fibrillary morphology only on the Mg surface exposed in Hanks’ and PBS solutions; these surfaces had a lower ESP value than the oxide layer.

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“…In many cases of controlled Mg alloy degradation, a stable degradation layer consisting of precipitating salts forms on the degrading sample surface [ 139 ] This layer acts as a protective film and its composition depends, for example, on the ions present in the immersion medium and the alloy, as well as all other environmental conditions stated earlier. In situ XRD experiments can be performed to study the time‐dependent process of crystallization of certain precipitates that form during degradation.…”

Section: Implant Characterization In Vitro and Ex Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Synchrotron Radiation for the Characterization of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys—From Alloy Development to the Application as Implant Material

et al. 2021

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Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys are investigated for the use as lightweight structural metals, e.g., in the automotive industry, [1] as biodegradable implant materials [2] and for hydrogen storage. [3] The choice of alloying system and subsequent processing of the material is a crucial factor for the degradation profile of the alloy and its mechanical properties. [4][5][6][7] This review focuses on use of Mg alloys as implant material, with some references to its application as a structural metal.The degradation profile of Mg alloys is of particular importance for their application as implant materials, as a controlled degradation is required to ensure cell viability and implant stability in vivo. [8,9] During the development of Mg alloys for the application as a biodegradable implant, alloying systems are carefully selected and manufactured, with their microstructure being tailored according to specifications by selecting the appropriate processing route. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the alloy will be evaluated and the alloy is then tested for in vitro degradation in an aqueous environment under physiological conditions (pH %7.4, 37 C, 5% CO 2 , 21% O 2 , 95% rel. humidity) with and without cells to assess its general degradation properties and cell viability. [10] The mechanical properties and degradation profile need to be tailored depending on the application of the implant. Mg alloys for bone support, for example, require mechanical properties close to that of bone. For bone, the average Young's modulus is between 7 and 31 GPa, depending on the type of bone and its hydration state. [11,12] In longitudinal direction, the bone's tensile and compressive ultimate strength have been reported to be between 93 and 135 MPa, and 154 and 205 MPa, respectively. [13,14] Finally, the elongation to failure of the clinically approved MAGNEZIX screw by Syntellix AG (Hanover, Germany) was determined to be 8%. [15] By contrast, Mg alloys designed for the use as stents must possess a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 300 MPa, low yield strength of 200-300 MPa, and higher ductility (min. 15%-18% elongation to failure, preferably 30%) for their successful deployment. [16,17] Finally, in vivo animal experiments are conducted to evaluate the alloy suitability for the translation into the clinic.

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Exploring key ionic interactions for magnesium degradation in simulated body fluid – A data-driven approach

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Improving the in vitro Degradation, Mechanical and Biological Properties of AZ91-3Ca Mg Alloy via Hydrothermal Calcium Phosphate Coatings

Improving the in vitro Degradation, Mechanical and Biological Properties of AZ91-3Ca Mg Alloy via Hydrothermal Calcium Phosphate Coatings

Morphological and Surface Potential Characterization of Protein Nanobiofilm Formation on Magnesium Alloy Oxide: Their Role in Biodegradation

Utilizing Synchrotron Radiation for the Characterization of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys—From Alloy Development to the Application as Implant Material

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