Exploring large virtual environments with an HMD when physical space is limited

Williams, Betsy; Narasimham, Gayathri; Rump, Bjoern; McNamara, Timothy P.; Carr, Thomas H.; Rieser, John J.; Bodenheimer, Bobby

doi:10.1145/1272582.1272590

Cited by 232 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the following years, a number of additional techniques for redirection were introduced: curvature gains, which add additional curvature [23], velocity gains, which scale the user's speed in movement direction [7,27] and resets or reorientations, that force the user to execute specific actions [19,28]. Usually only one of these techniques was applied, sometimes in combination with an immersion-breaking reset in case the user was about to leave the tracking space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye tracking for locomotion prediction in redirected walking

Zank

Kunz

2016

2016 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)

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Model predictive control was shown to be a powerful tool for Redirected Walking when used to plan and select future redirection techniques. However, to use it effectively, a good prediction of the user's future actions is crucial. Traditionally, this prediction is made based on the user's position or current direction of movement. In the area of cognitive sciences however, it was shown that a person's gaze can also be highly indicative of his intention in both selection and navigation tasks.In this paper, this effect is used the first time to predict a user's locomotion target during goal-directed locomotion in an immersive virtual environment. After discussing the general implications and challenges of using eye tracking for prediction in a locomotion context, we propose a prediction method for a user's intended locomotion target. This approach is then compared with position based approaches in terms of prediction time and accuracy based on data gathered in an experiment.The results show that, in certain situations, eye tracking allows an earlier prediction compared approaches currently used for redirected walking. However, other recently published prediction methods that are based on the user's position perform almost as well as the eye tracking based approaches presented in this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye tracking for locomotion prediction in redirected walking

Zank

Kunz

2016

2016 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)

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“…[24] suggested so-called reset techniques, which reorient a user in the tracked space when other techniques fail. A reset technique stops a user's walking in a VE and reorients or repositions him.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reset stops a participant and reorients or repositions him in the real room if a collision with the room's boundaries is unavoidable. We decided to use a pure reorientation reset technique as proposed in [24]. When a reset had to be done, a large green arrow appeared on top of the VE that instructed the participant to stop walking and turn on the spot in the direction the arrow was pointing.…”

Section: Reset Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Planning redirection techniques for optimal free walking experience using model predictive control

Nescher

Huang

Kunz

2014

2014 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)

125

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Redirected Walking (RDW) is a technique that allows exploring immersive virtual environments by real walking in a small physical room. RDW employs so-called redirection techniques (RETs) to manipulate the user's real world trajectory in such a way that he remains within the boundaries of the physical room. Different RETs were suggested and evaluated in the past. In addition, steering algorithms were proposed that apply a limited set of RETs to redirect a user away from the physical room's boundaries.Within this paper, a generalized approach to planning and applying RETs is presented. It is capable of dynamically selecting suitable RETs and also controlling parameters like their strengths. The problem of steering a user in a small physical room using RETs is formulated as an optimal control problem. This allows applying an efficient probabilistic planning algorithm to maximize the free walking experience. The proposed algorithm uses a map of the virtual environment to continuously determine the optimal RET that has to be applied next.The suggested algorithm is evaluated within a user study and compared to a state-of-the-art steering algorithm. Results show that for the given virtual environment, it is able to reduce the number of collisions with the room boundaries by 41% and furthermore reduces the amount of applied redirections significantly.

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“…Resetting techniques [26,27] try to overcome the limited working environment problem with natural walking using head-mounted displays (HMDs). They reset the user's position or orientation in the real world when reaching workspace limits, without breaking spatial awareness of the virtual world.…”

Section: Natural Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking in a Cube: Novel Metaphors for Safely Navigating Large Virtual Environments in Restricted Real Workspaces

Cirio

Vangorp

Chapoulie

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Abstract-Immersive spaces such as 4-sided displays with stereo viewing and high-quality tracking provide a very engaging and realistic virtual experience. However, walking is inherently limited by the restricted physical space, both due to the screens (limited translation) and the missing back screen (limited rotation). In this paper, we propose three novel locomotion techniques that have three concurrent goals: keep the user safe from reaching the translational and rotational boundaries; increase the amount of real walking and finally, provide a more enjoyable and ecological interaction paradigm compared to traditional controller-based approaches. We notably introduce the "Virtual Companion", which uses a small bird to guide the user through VEs larger than the physical space. We evaluate the three new techniques through a user study with travel-to-target and path following tasks. The study provides insight into the relative strengths of each new technique for the three aforementioned goals. Specifically, if speed and accuracy are paramount, traditional controller interfaces augmented with our novel warning techniques may be more appropriate; if physical walking is more important, two of our paradigms (extended Magic Barrier Tape and Constrained Wand) should be preferred; last, fun and ecological criteria would favor the Virtual Companion.

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Exploring large virtual environments with an HMD when physical space is limited

Cited by 232 publications

References 22 publications

Eye tracking for locomotion prediction in redirected walking

Eye tracking for locomotion prediction in redirected walking

Planning redirection techniques for optimal free walking experience using model predictive control

Walking in a Cube: Novel Metaphors for Safely Navigating Large Virtual Environments in Restricted Real Workspaces

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