Exploring motivations for adventure recreation events: a New Zealand study

Abstract

Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.tandfonline.com: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1080/11745398.2015.1031804 This is the final text version of the article, and it may contain minor differences from the journal's pdf version. Biographical notesPip Lynch's research interests are in outdoor recreation and outdoor education. One particular interest is in adventure and its social and cultural implications. She is a professor of friluftsliv (outdoor life) at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.Mark Dibben's research interest is in the role of interpersonal trust and distrust, and culture in organizations. He adopts a change-oriented approach to understanding these topics based on the process metaphysics of A.N. Whitehead. He is Associate Professor and Head of the School of Management at the University of Tasmania. Outdoor Recreation Events 2Exploring motivations for adventure recreation events: a New Zealand study AbstractAdventure recreation events are a relatively new form of leisure that have become increasingly popular since the 1990s, yet little is known about motivations for participation. In this study, participant motivations were investigated through an interpretive methodology and the theoretical framework of self-determination theory (SDT). Exploratory, in-depth interviews with 22 participants in six different New Zealand events revealed intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, some of which overlap with motivations previously found for endurance sports and others which are also associated with outdoor recreation. In addition, two sets of dynamic relationships between motivations appear to exist: one set is competence, challenge and selfresponsibility and the other is adventure, place and identity. These relationships need closer investigation. There is wide scope for further research that extends understanding of motivation for adventure recreation events beyond the context studied.

Why Do You Ride?: A Characterization of Mountain Bikers, Their Engagement Methods, and Perceived Links to Mental Health and Well-Being

“…Participation in high-risk activities does not necessarily equate to overestimation of abilities, or impulsive, irresponsible behavior (Llewellyn et al, 2008 ; Brymer, 2010 ). Rather, it is argued that hazards are usually mediated by the participant through a process of building competence and skill through experience; as opposed to taking risks for risk's sake (Llewellyn and Sanchez, 2008 ; Taylor, 2010 ; Lynch and Dibben, 2016 ; Frühauf et al, 2017 ). Participants may still experience fear as they test their mental and physical capabilities in challenging situations (Dodson, 1996 ; Lyng, 2005 ); but the fear could be understood as a sign that one is “pushing up against limitations and breaking throughboundaries” (Willig, 2008 , p. 696), as opposed to recklessness.…”

“…There is also evidence to suggest that thrill-seeking may play a bigger part in initial motivation to engage in such activities, but that a desire to master skills and maintain health and well-being soon becomes more dominant (Willig, 2008 ; Cycling UK, 2017 ). Evidence is building to suggest that mountain biking participants are also motivated by intense positive emotions and fulfilling experiences (Dodson, 1996 ); challenge; opportunities for self-responsibility; development of identity; the aesthetics of the natural environment (Lynch and Dibben, 2016 ; Moularde and Weaver, 2016 ).…”

“…The evidence supporting positive physical and psychosocial health outcomes in relation to nature-based activities and experiences is substantial (Brymer et al, 2010 ; Ryan et al, 2010 ; Scheinfeld et al, 2011 ; Mitchell, 2013 ; Martyn and Brymer, 2016 ; Yeh et al, 2016 ; Lawton et al, 2017 ). The natural environment is an integral part of the mountain biking experience, offering participants a unique way to connect with nature (Siderelis et al, 2010 ), and acts as an important motivational factor (Taylor, 2010 ; Davidson and Stebbins, 2011 ; Lynch and Dibben, 2016 ). Despite this, mainstream health interventions rarely include outdoor adventure activities or extreme sports (Clough et al, 2016 ).…”

Motivations and Experiences of Whitewater Rafting Tourists on the Ocoee River, USA

“…Indeed, adventure tourists' successful navigation of the activity without injury can contribute to their overall health and fitness (Cloke & Perkins, ). Because adventure tourists place a very high emphasis on physical skill and performance (Lynch & Dibben, ), the need for physical exertion tends to yield a strong positive affective response from participating in adventure activities. Seemingly, the more an adventure activity produces strenuous‐physical exertion, the more likely the participant will experience an affective response.…”

Analysing adventure: a leisure lifepsychle?

“…An activity involving challenge, thrill, fear, risk, or unknown outcomes? (Buckley 2012Ewert et al 2013;Kerr and Mackenzie 2012;Lee and Tseng 2015;Lynch and Dibben 2016;Tsaur and Lin 2013). An unplanned situation, or one where plans have gone awry?…”