Exploring multi-stability in three-dimensional viscoelastic flow around a free stagnation point

Elasto-inertial instabilities in the merging flow of viscoelastic fluids

“…11–15 Many of them have been focused on flow fields with embedded re-entrant corners and/or stagnation points because they are profound at inducing elastic stresses and in turn instabilities. 16–33 A T-shaped junction is one such structure with a stagnation point pinned along the straight edge as well as two re-entrant corners on the bending edges. It has been frequently used for sample mixing 34,35 and sheath-focused particle/cell sorting, 36–39 where the incoming flows enter through the two side branches and merge in the main branch of a T-shaped microchannel (named as merging flow hereafter).…”