Exploring natural selection to guide breeding for agriculture

Henry, Robert J.; Nevo, Eviatar

doi:10.1111/pbi.12215

Cited by 65 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Gaudig et al, 2020). Interestingly, we recorded higher growth rates for S. papillosum than for S. Another genetic property that influences productivity is ploidy (Otto & Whitton, 2000), as described 368 for many agricultural crops (Henry & Nevo, 2014). In our current study, however, we could not detect 369 a correlation between ploidy and productivity, because the diploid S. palustre and S. papillosum were 370 20 among the six best-growing species, but the haploid S. cuspidatum and S. fallax were most productive.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Axenicin-vitrocultivation of nineteen peat-moss (SphagnumL.) species as a resource for basic biology, biotechnology and paludiculture

Heck

Lüth

Krebs

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Axenic in-vitro cultivation of nineteen peat-moss (Sphagnum L.) species as a resource for basic 1 biology, biotechnology and paludiculture 2 Summary 27  The cultivation of Sphagnum mosses reduces CO2 emissions by rewetting drained peatlands 28 and by substituting peat with renewable biomass. 'Sphagnum farming' requires large volumes 29 of founder material, which can only be supplied sustainably by axenic cultivation in 30 bioreactors. 31  We established axenic in-vitro cultures from sporophytes of 19 Sphagnum species collected in 32 Austria, Germany, Latvia, Netherlands, Russia and Sweden, namely S. angustifolium, 33 S. balticum, S. capillifolium, S. centrale, S. compactum, S. cuspidatum, S. fallax, S. fimbriatum, 34 S. fuscum, S. lindbergii, S. medium/divinum, S. palustre, S. papillosum, S. rubellum, S. russowii, 35 S. squarrosum, S. subnitens, S. subfulvum, and S. warnstorfii. These species cover five of the 36 six European Sphagnum sections, namely Acutifolia, Cuspidata, Rigida, Sphagnum and 37 Squarrosa. 38  Their growth was measured in axenic suspension cultures, whereas their ploidy was 39 determined by flow cytometry and compared with the genome size of Physcomitrella patens. 40We identified haploid and diploid Sphagnum species, found that their cells are predominantly 41 arrested in the G1-phase of the cell cycle, and did not find a correlation between plant 42 productivity and ploidy. 43  With this collection, high-quality founder material for diverse large-scale applications but also 44 for basic Sphagnum research is available from the International Moss Stock Center (IMSC). 45 46

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supporting

confidence: 63%

Axenicin-vitrocultivation of nineteen peat-moss (SphagnumL.) species as a resource for basic biology, biotechnology and paludiculture

Heck

Lüth

Krebs

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This elevated level of diversity, compared with many previous studies, reflects both the larger size and the more diverse nature of our population. Nevertheless, the very low overall genetic variation in the D subgenome of hexaploid wheat, even among very distant gene pools, underlines the pressing need for introduction of new D‐subgenome diversity via synthetic wheat lines (Henry and Nevo, 2014; Jia et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subgenomic Diversity Patterns Caused by Directional Selection in Bread Wheat Gene Pools

et al. 2015

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Genetic diversity represents the fundamental key to breeding success, providing the basis for breeders to select varieties with constantly improving yield performance. On the other hand, strong selection during domestication and breeding have eliminated considerable genetic diversity in the breeding pools of major crops, causing erosion of genetic potential for adaptation to emerging challenges like climate change. High-throughput genomic technologies can address this dilemma by providing detailed knowledge to characterize and replenish genetic diversity in breeding programs. In hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the staple food for 35% of the world's population, bottlenecks during allopolyploidisation followed by strong artificial selection have considerably narrowed diversity to the extent that yields in many regions appear to be unexpectedly stagnating. In this study, we used a 90,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) wheat genotyping array to assay high-frequency, polymorphic SNP markers in 460 accessions representing different phenological diversity groups from Asian, Australian, European, and North American bread wheat breeding materials. Detailed analysis of subgroup diversity at the chromosome and subgenome scale revealed highly distinct patterns of conserved linkage disequilibrium between different gene pools. The data enable identification of genome regions in most need of rejuvenation with novel diversity and provide a high-resolution molecular basis for genomic-assisted introgression of new variation into chromosome segments surrounding directionally selected metaloci conferring important adaptation and quality traits.

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“…A major proportion of these cultivars are derived from CIMMYT germplasm, with only a few (Khushal-69, Barani 70, Chenab-70, SA 42, and Lu 26) derived from landraces. This offers opportunities to exploit WLR genetic resources, as there is increasing awareness among researchers to exploit diversity available in gene banks to meet challenging demands for increased production and quality (Henry and Nevo, 2014). One potential weakness of population structure in our study is that our dataset may be subject to a degree of bias due to the absence of an analysis of genetic structure on neutral alleles.…”

Section: Population Structure and Diversity Trends In Cultivars And Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Economically Important Loci in Landraces and Improved Wheat Cultivars from Pakistan

et al. 2016

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We investigated alleles at 31 loci associated with adaptability, yield, and end‐use quality in 107 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces (WLRs) and 121 improved historical wheat cultivars (HWCs) from Pakistan. The WLRs were categorized into two further subgroups: 36 pre‐Green‐Revolution landraces released as cultivars and 71 geographically spread landraces from all over Pakistan. Alleles Vrn‐A1a, TaGW2‐6A‐A, TaCKX6‐D1b, Pinb‐D1b, Psy‐A1b, and Wx‐D1b were absent in WLRs, whereas ample diversity was observed at all other loci. In HWCs, only Wx‐D1b and Glu‐A3e were absent among the alleles tested, whereas the alleles Ppd‐D1a (90%), Rht‐B1b or Rht‐D1b (83.4%), TaCwi‐A1a (95%), TaGW2‐6A‐G (76%), TaCKX6‐D1a (77.3%), Glu‐A1b (66.1%), Glu‐D1d (61.3%), Pina‐D1b (88.2%), Pinb‐D1a (90%), Psy‐A1a (66.1%), Psy‐B1b (81.8%), Psy‐D1a (86.5%), Ppo‐A1a (70%), TaZds‐D1b (73.9%), TaLox‐B1b (80.1%), and Wx‐D1a (100%) predominated, indicating significant improvement in adaptability, yield potential, and end‐use quality and unconscious selection for favored alleles. Higher frequencies of favored alleles at the TaCwi‐A1 and TaCKX6‐D1 loci influencing 1000‐kernel weight (TKW) in HWCs indicated that selection pressure on these alleles during breeding successfully contributed to cultivar improvement. Wright's pairwise fixation index (Fst) statistics indicated greater genetic divergence between HWC and WLR collections (0.16) than HWC and WLR cultivars (0.14). Population structure based on functional markers (FMs) using principal component analysis partitioned the germplasm into two distinct groups. High genetic divergence and low admixture between HWCs and WLRs indicated limited use of landraces in wheat breeding in Pakistan. Our results suggested these collections as rich reservoirs of alleles and haplotype combinations that may be useful in future breeding programs.

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Exploring natural selection to guide breeding for agriculture

Cited by 65 publications

References 72 publications

Axenicin-vitrocultivation of nineteen peat-moss (SphagnumL.) species as a resource for basic biology, biotechnology and paludiculture

Axenicin-vitrocultivation of nineteen peat-moss (SphagnumL.) species as a resource for basic biology, biotechnology and paludiculture

Subgenomic Diversity Patterns Caused by Directional Selection in Bread Wheat Gene Pools

Comparison of Economically Important Loci in Landraces and Improved Wheat Cultivars from Pakistan

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