Exploring non-invasive methods to assess pain in sheep

Stubsjøen, Solveig Marie; Flø, Andreas Svarstad; Moe, Randi Oppermann; Janczak, Andrew M.; Skjerve, Eystein; Valle, Paul Steinar; Zanella, Adroaldo José

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.09.019

Cited by 81 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…É provável que, nas semanas com menor temperatura de superfície ocular máxima, os animais se encontravam sofrendo algum tipo de estresse seja por motivo da desmama, ou por causa da pneumonia presente na 7ª semana de creche. Diversos estudos demostram que bovinos (Stewart et al 2007) e ovinos (Stubsjøen et al 2009) em uma situação de estresse pode diminuir a temperatura do olho. Os dados de cortisol salivar não apresentaram efeito de período (P>0,05), com valores semelhantes para manhã e tarde.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular como indicador de estresse em suínos na fase de creche

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-Desmama é uma fase crítica na vida do suíno devido a separação materna e a introdução de uma dieta seca. A termografia infravermelha medida na região ocular se mostra como um indicador confiável para a condição de estresse pontual de suínos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a relação entre medidas de termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular e de cortisol em situações de estresse em leitões na pós desmama. Foram avaliados 66 leitões, uma vez por semana, durante sete semanas, em dois períodos do dia (7h e 15h) com medidas de temperatura superficial ocular, temperatura superficial do dorso e amostras de saliva para determinação de cortisol salivar. A análise estatística contemplou os efeitos fixos de semana e período do dia e sua interação e correlações de Pearson Weaning is a critical phase in pigs' life due to maternal separation and the introduction of a new diet. Infrared thermography measurement taken in the ocular region appears to be a reliable indicator of the stress condition of the pig. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ocular surface temperature by infrared thermography and cortisol in piglets post weaning. Sixty-six piglets were evaluated once a week, during 7 weeks, in two periods of the day (7am and 15pm) and ocular surface temperature and dorsal surface temperature were collected using a thermographic camera and a laser surface thermometer, respectively. Saliva was also collected to determine salivary cortisol. Statistical analysis included fixed effects of week and period of the day and their interaction, and relationship between thermography, dorsal surface temperature and cortisol were done by Pearson's correlations with 5% significance level. Salivary cortisol did not differ between periods, but it was higher in the first three weeks after weaning (P<0.05). During the first two weeks after weaning cortisol presented high and positive correlation (P<0.05) between ocular surface temperature (0.89) and dorsal surface temperature (0.80). The two superficial temperatures had a moderate and positive association (r=0.41; P<0.0001) during all experiment. This study highlights that the ocular surface temperature obtained through infrared thermography can be a superficial body temperature indicators, besides being a non-invasive and fast method of measurement. However, more research is needed to deepen the relationship between ocular surface temperature and cortisol during chronic stress.INDEX TERMS: Infrared thermography, ocular surface, stress indicator, piglets postweaning, animal welfare, body temperature, infrared image, salivary cortisol, weaning.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular como indicador de estresse em suínos na fase de creche

et al. 2017

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“…Sheep are frequently submitted to painful procedures, such as castration, mulesing and tail-docking, or can be affected by painful pathologies, such as mastitis and footrot (Stubsjøen et al 2009). Moreover, this species is commonly used as an experimental animal model for particularly invasive surgeries (Coulter et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma profile of cimicoxib in sheep after oral administration at two different rates

Salvo¹,

Giorgi²,

Lee³

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Sheep are often subjected to painful procedures and thus they need to be treated with analgesics. Nevertheless, knowledges about pharmacokinetic features of these drugs in this species are poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma behaviour of cimicoxib in sheep after a single oral administration at two different dose rates (4 and 6 mg/kg). Maximum plasma concentrations of cimicoxib were equal to 273.78 (median value; range 189.00-567.32) and 565.01 (range 308.27-822.59) ng/mL after treatment with 4 and 6 mg/kg, respectively. The time of maximum concentration (T max ) was achieved between 4 and 10 hours following treatment at the lower dose, and between 6 and 10 hours after the administration of the higher dose, with one sheep achieving the concentration peak at 0.75 hours.The slow absorption and the great individual variability in plasma concentration, probably due to ruminal effects, suggest that cimicoxib is not suitable for oral treatment in sheep.

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“…Heart rate variability analysis has been used as a quantitative marker of autonomic activity in behavioral, clinical and experimental research in humans [3,4] and different animal species [5][6][7]. The interplay between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems is complex and HRV analysis allows detailed information about modulations in the autonomic nervous system [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Polar® RS800CX heart rate monitor and electrocardiogram for measuring inter-beat intervals in healthy dogs

Essner

Sjöström

Ahlgren³

et al. 2015

Physiology & Behavior

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Exploring non-invasive methods to assess pain in sheep

Cited by 81 publications

References 57 publications

Termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular como indicador de estresse em suínos na fase de creche

Termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular como indicador de estresse em suínos na fase de creche

Plasma profile of cimicoxib in sheep after oral administration at two different rates

Comparison of Polar® RS800CX heart rate monitor and electrocardiogram for measuring inter-beat intervals in healthy dogs

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