Exploring novel objective functions for simulating muscle coactivation in the neck

Mortensen, Jonathan D.; Trkov, Mitja

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.030

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These predicted activations in pathological subjects could be interpreted as optimal and minimally required activity in order to perform a given motion. In reality, patients may also present additional muscle activity in the form of antagonist or stabilizing co-activations ( Solomonow et al, 1988 ; Unnithan et al, 1996 ; Ikeda et al, 1998 ), which cannot be predicted adequately within the current musculoskeletal modeling framework ( Mortensen et al, 2018 ). For instance, different activations of the rectus femoris during the swing phase were previously observed between voluntary and obligatory toe-walking ( Romkes and Brunner, 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Muscle Contributions are Required to Support the Stance Limb During Voluntary Toe-Walking

Pieri

Romkes

Wyss

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Toe-walking characterizes several neuromuscular conditions and is associated with a reduction in gait stability and efficiency, as well as in life quality. The optimal choice of treatment depends on a correct understanding of the underlying pathology and on the individual biomechanics of walking. The objective of this study was to describe gait deviations occurring in a cohort of healthy adult subjects when mimicking a unilateral toe-walking pattern compared to their normal heel-to-toe gait pattern. The focus was to characterize the functional adaptations of the major lower-limb muscles which are required in order to toe walk. Musculoskeletal modeling was used to estimate the required muscle contributions to the joint sagittal moments. The support moment, defined as the sum of the sagittal extensive moments at the ankle, knee, and hip joints, was used to evaluate the overall muscular effort necessary to maintain stance limb stability and prevent the collapse of the knee. Compared to a normal heel-to-toe gait pattern, toe-walking was characterized by significantly different lower-limb kinematics and kinetics. The altered kinetic demands at each joint translated into different necessary moment contributions from most muscles. In particular, an earlier and prolonged ankle plantarflexion contribution was required from the soleus and gastrocnemius during most of the stance phase. The hip extensors had to provide a higher extensive moment during loading response, while a significantly higher knee extension contribution from the vasti was necessary during mid-stance. Compensatory muscular activations are therefore functionally required at every joint level in order to toe walk. A higher support moment during toe-walking indicates an overall higher muscular effort necessary to maintain stance limb stability and prevent the collapse of the knee. Higher muscular demands during gait may lead to fatigue, pain, and reduced quality of life. Toe-walking is indeed associated with significantly larger muscle forces exerted by the quadriceps to the patella and prolonged force transmission through the Achilles tendon during stance phase. Optimal treatment options should therefore account for muscular demands and potential overloads associated with specific compensatory mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Muscle Contributions are Required to Support the Stance Limb During Voluntary Toe-Walking

Pieri

Romkes

Wyss

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…This approach allowed for the use of physiologically plausible neck muscle forces at the time of impact, as they were not derived from any a priori assumptions. Assumed or arbitrary activation levels could result in the overestimation of intervertebral joint loads if maximal joint stiffness was the objective 29 and result in initial conditions that are not situation specific. Our proposed approach increased the fidelity of the simulations as neural recruitment strategies during impacts are still not well understood in order to apply explicit a priori objective criteria to estimate muscle activations 46,48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…muscle and joint contact forces) and external loading conditions during which cervical spine injuries occur under inertial and compressive loading 24–28 . In-silico simulations using musculoskeletal models have strengthened the theory that muscle forces affect resulting head and neck dynamics during injurious scenarios (inertial and axial impacts) 24,28,29 . However, arbitrary levels of simulated muscle activations and resulting muscle forces have been applied in these studies, which limit their representability of the event under investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…muscle and joint contact forces) and external loading conditions during which cervical spine injuries occur under inertial and compressive loading [24][25][26][27][28] . In-silico simulations using musculoskeletal models have strengthened the theory that muscle forces affect resulting head and neck dynamics during injurious scenarios (inertial and axial impacts) 24,28,29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hyperflexion is unlikely to be the primary cervical spine injury mechanism in accidental head-on rugby tackling

Silvestros

Preatoni

Gill

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In Rugby a high proportion of catastrophic cervical spine injuries occur during tackling. In the injury prevention literature, there is still an open debate on the injury mechanisms related to such injuries, with hyperflexion and buckling being under scrutiny. The aims of this study were to determine the primary cervical spine injury mechanism during head-on rugby tackling, and evaluate the effect of tackling technique on cervical spine intervertebral loading. We conducted an in silico study to examine the dynamic response of the cervical spine under loading conditions representative of accidental head-on rugby tackles by using a subject-specific musculoskeletal model of a rugby player. The computer simulations were driven by experimental in vivo data of an academy rugby player tackling a punchbag, and in vitro data of head-first impacts using a dummy head. Results showed that: i) the earlier generation of high compression and anterior shear loads with low values of flexion moments provides evidence that hyperflexion is unlikely to be the primary injury mechanism in the sub-axial cervical spine (C3-C7) during central and posterior head impact locations; ii) a higher degree of neck flexion at impact poses the cervical spine in a more hazardous position. These findings provide objective evidence to inform injury prevention strategies or rugby law changes, with the final view of improving the safety of the game of rugby.

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“…In literature, we can find numerous biomechanical studies [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] focused on the assessment of cervical behaviour. Many of these studies were performed using animals [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], crash dummies [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], full-body cadavers [ 12 , 19 , 20 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], isolated cervical [ 12 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], head–neck complexes and computational models [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Emergency Braking Test with an Autonomous Bus and the sEMG Neck Response by Means of a Low-Cost System

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, due to the advances and the increasing implementation of the autonomous braking systems in vehicles, the non-collision accident is expected to become more common than a crash when a sudden stop happens. The most common injury in this kind of accident is whiplash or cervical injury since the neck has high sensitivity to sharp deceleration. To date, biomechanical research has usually been developed inside laboratories and does not entirely represent real conditions (e.g., restraint systems or surroundings of the experiment). With the aim of knowing the possible neck effects and consequences of an automatic emergency braking inside an autonomous bus, a surface electromyography (sEMG) system built by low-cost elements and developed by us, in tandem with other devices, such as accelerometers or cameras, were used. Moreover, thanks to the collaboration of 18 participants, it was possible to study the non-collision effects in two different scenarios (braking test in which the passenger is seated and looking ahead while talking with somebody in front of him (BT1) and, a second braking test where the passenger used a smartphone (BT2) and nobody is seated in front of him talking to him). The aim was to assess the sEMG neck response in the most common situations when somebody uses some kind of transport in order to conclude which environments are riskier regarding a possible cervical injury.

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Exploring novel objective functions for simulating muscle coactivation in the neck

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Altered Muscle Contributions are Required to Support the Stance Limb During Voluntary Toe-Walking

Altered Muscle Contributions are Required to Support the Stance Limb During Voluntary Toe-Walking

Hyperflexion is unlikely to be the primary cervical spine injury mechanism in accidental head-on rugby tackling

Study of the Emergency Braking Test with an Autonomous Bus and the sEMG Neck Response by Means of a Low-Cost System

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