Exploring pathways of regional technological development in China through patent analysis

Abstract

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Recent Trends of Regional Development in China – Technological Portfolios and Economic Growth

“…Technically, the cluster analysis was conducted using SPSS' centroid-based clustering algorithm (k-means clustering; the number of clusters is fixed to x clusters and squared distances from the cluster are used to assign the provinces to a cluster), following a z-standardization of all relevant variables. Based on earlier findings in the literature (Kroll, 2016), the number of supra-regional clusters was initially set to five and then increased gradually. Up until seven clusters, further differentiation yielded additional relevant sub-groups.…”

“…Furthermore, China's geographies of innovation continue to reflect the legacy of older, pre-opening up industrial structures that were primarily established "according to plan" rather than based on internal economic dynamics. Up to today, these provide a persistent, if diminishing factor of China's economic geography (Liu et al 2018;Kroll 2016;Liu and White 2001;Fan 1995). More recent studies, however, suggest that with China's reaching the global innovation frontier since the mid-2010 s, new mechanisms and determinants of technology-driven growth begin to play an increasing role, among them not least localized related variety He and Zhu 2018;Guo and He 2017).…”

“…In short, existing findings on the role of regional technological portfolios may -explicitly or implicitly -have relied on assumptions on an 'average' regional innovation system's set-up which -in China -simply do not apply. With a view to regional technological portfolios' role in and match with regional innovation systems, therefore, it seems likely that different economic trajectories both recent and distant (Kroll 2016;Leydesdorff and Zeng 2001;Fan 1995) should have given rise to distinct patterns of regional technological relatedness and two-sided embeddedness Currently, however, no systematic, indicator-based account is available on the central issue of which specific types of regional technological portfolios are common in China and how their overall distribution relates to that country's overall process of economic development as well as the dynamically shifting architecture of its national innovation system. In light of the above said, moreover, it not only China's general surge in innovation potential that makes this paper's stocktaking of nationally specific particularly configurations of regional innovation systems worthy of analysis.…”

“…On the other hand, certain Chinese regions have always featured better-integrated innovation systems than others (Leydesdorff and Zeng 2001;Liefner 2014) so that a regional lack of connectivity could never be considered an all-encompassing norm. Moreover, science-industry relations will have improved in the context of the widespread technological catch-up in various provinces and the related shift in China's overall geographies of innovative development (Kroll 2016;Liu et al 2018).…”

Patent Cooperative Patterns and Development Trends of Chinese Construction Enterprises: A Network Analysis

“…Despite extensive use of patent analysis outside the construction domain (Yang, Xu, & Neuhäusler, 2013;R. Zhao, L. Zhao, Deng, & Zheng, 2015;Kroll, 2016), there has been few examples to explore patent cooperative patterns and evolution trends of construction enterprises, especially from the perspective of the patent development network. This is particularly relevant in the context of the large-scale Chinese construction market.…”